Department of Psychology.
Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California.
Emotion. 2012 Aug;12(4):673-677. doi: 10.1037/a0027349. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
This study tested whether a performance stressor characterized by social-evaluative threat (SET) elicits more rumination than a stressor without this explicit evaluative component and whether this difference persists minutes, hours, and days later. The mediating role of shame-related cognition and emotion (SRCE) was also examined. During a laboratory visit, 144 undergraduates (50% female) were randomly assigned to complete a speech stressor in a social-evaluative threat condition (SET; n = 86), in which an audience was present, or a nonexplicit social-evaluative threat condition (ne-SET; n = 58), in which they were alone in a room. Participants completed measures of stressor-related rumination 10 and 40 min posttask, later that night, and upon returning to the laboratory 3-5 days later. SRCE and other emotions experienced during the stressor (fear, anger, and sadness) were assessed immediately posttask. As hypothesized, the SET speech stressor elicited more rumination than the ne-SET speech stressor, and these differences persisted for 3-5 days. SRCE-but not other specific negative emotions or general emotional arousal-mediated the effect of stressor context on rumination. Stressors characterized by SET may be likely candidates for eliciting and maintaining ruminative thought immediately and also days later, potentially by eliciting shame-related emotions and cognitions.
本研究旨在测试表现压力源（以社会评价威胁为特征）是否比没有明确评价成分的压力源引起更多的反刍思维，以及这种差异是否会持续数分钟、数小时甚至数天。还检验了羞耻相关认知和情绪（SRCE）的中介作用。在实验室访问期间，144 名本科生（50%为女性）被随机分配到社会评价威胁条件（SET；n=86）或非明确社会评价威胁条件（ne-SET；n=58）中完成演讲压力源。在 SET 条件下，有观众在场；在 ne-SET 条件下，他们独自在一个房间里。参与者在任务后 10 分钟和 40 分钟、当晚晚些时候以及返回实验室 3-5 天后完成与压力源相关的反刍思维测量。在任务结束后立即评估了 SRCE 和压力源期间经历的其他情绪（恐惧、愤怒和悲伤）。正如假设的那样，SET 演讲压力源比 ne-SET 演讲压力源引起更多的反刍思维，这些差异持续了 3-5 天。SRCE——而不是其他特定的负面情绪或一般的情绪唤醒——介导了压力源背景对反刍思维的影响。以 SET 为特征的压力源可能是立即引起和维持反刍思维的候选者，也可能是在几天之后，这可能是通过引发与羞耻相关的情绪和认知。
