Johnsson L G, Felix H, Gleeson M, Pollak A
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1990;470:88-95; discussion 95-6. doi: 10.3109/00016488909138361.
Cochlear sensory and neural degeneration was examined in nine pairs of human temporal bones fixed by perilymphatic perfusion, using phase-contrast and electron microscopy. Four pairs, three from females, had only slight sensorineural degeneration, limited to the very basal end of the cochlea. A predominantly neural degeneration was identified in a 54-year-old male. The process was bilateral, asymmetrical, uneven, and involved the entire length of the cochlea with several circumscribed areas of severe nerve degeneration. One case had mild, diffuse sensorineural degeneration in the lower half of the basal turn characteristic of presbyacusis. The other three pairs, all from males, revealed sensorineural degeneration patterns associated with noise injury and were remarkably similar to or almost identical with cochleas described previously. There was a good correlation between the presence of supporting cells and the survival of nerve fibres in the osseous spiral lamina in the corresponding area. In one cochlea, however, the degeneration of only inner hair cells in a small area was associated with complete nerve degeneration in the corresponding sector of the spiral lamina. Giant cilia were frequently seen in the apical turn.
使用相差显微镜和电子显微镜，对9对经外淋巴灌注固定的人颞骨进行了耳蜗感觉和神经变性检查。4对颞骨（3对来自女性）仅有轻微的感觉神经性变性，局限于耳蜗的最底端。在一名54岁男性中发现了以神经变性为主的情况。该过程是双侧的、不对称的、不均匀的，累及耳蜗全长，有几个严重神经变性的局限性区域。1例在蜗底下半部有轻度弥漫性感觉神经性变性，具有老年性聋的特征。另外3对颞骨均来自男性，显示出与噪声损伤相关的感觉神经性变性模式，与先前描述的耳蜗非常相似或几乎相同。在相应区域的骨螺旋板中，支持细胞的存在与神经纤维的存活之间存在良好的相关性。然而，在一个耳蜗中，一小区域仅内毛细胞的变性与螺旋板相应区域的完全神经变性相关。在蜗顶经常可见巨大纤毛。
