Petersen N S
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071.
Adv Genet. 1990;28:275-96. doi: 10.1016/s0065-2660(08)60529-5.
Similarities in the means by which developmental defects are induced in vertebrates and Drosophila suggest that some kinds of defects may be induced by similar mechanisms. The similarities include the fact that heat and a group of chemicals that induce synthesis of heat-shock proteins induce defects in mammals, chickens, and flies. Different kinds of defects are even produced in one type of animal, depending on the precise timing of the environmental insult. The effectiveness of the environmental treatment in inducing defects depends on the genetic background of the animal as well as on past exposure to chemicals and heat. Developmental defects induced by heat in mice, rats, and flies can all be prevented by thermotolerance-inducing treatments. The basis for these effects has been studied at the molecular level in Drosophila, and the evidence indicates that these teratogens and the thermotolerance-inducing treatments affect the level or timing of expression of specific genes during critical periods in the developmental program.
在脊椎动物和果蝇中诱导发育缺陷的方式存在相似性，这表明某些类型的缺陷可能由相似的机制诱导产生。这些相似性包括：热以及一组诱导热休克蛋白合成的化学物质会在哺乳动物、鸡和果蝇中诱导缺陷。甚至在同一类动物中，根据环境损伤的精确时间不同，会产生不同类型的缺陷。环境处理诱导缺陷的有效性取决于动物的遗传背景以及过去对化学物质和热的接触情况。小鼠、大鼠和果蝇中由热诱导的发育缺陷都可以通过诱导耐热性的处理来预防。在果蝇中已经在分子水平上研究了这些效应的基础，证据表明这些致畸剂和诱导耐热性的处理会在发育程序的关键时期影响特定基因表达的水平或时间。
