Palermo Claire, Robinson Clare, Robertson Kate, Hii Shireen
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
Aust J Prim Health. 2012;18(1):11-6. doi: 10.1071/PY11008.
An important part of health promotion planning is identifying priority areas for programs. A typical approach includes a needs assessment where a deficit-oriented approach captures problems within a community. Approaches that focus on strengths have emerged as potentially more appropriate and effective methods for program planning. This report describes the outcomes and learning from using both a deficit-oriented and strength-based approach for identifying and describing nutrition priorities of refugee communities. Focus groups (n=11) were conducted using both methods with a total of 69 community members from Afghan, Burmese and Sudanese backgrounds. Analysis of the focus group transcripts using a content analysis approach identified key influences on food choice and determinants of health and nutrition. There were differences in the type of information obtained from the deficit-oriented and strength-based approach. Although the strength-based approach was unfamiliar to participants and offered several challenges, it identified unique aspects of the communities that were not identified by the deficit-oriented approach, and could be used as the basis for planning community health promotion strategies. Elements of each method should be considered when designing community program planning strategies.
健康促进规划的一个重要部分是确定项目的优先领域。一种典型的方法包括需求评估，其中以缺陷为导向的方法可以发现社区内的问题。以优势为重点的方法已成为项目规划中可能更合适、更有效的方法。本报告描述了使用以缺陷为导向和基于优势的方法来识别和描述难民社区营养优先事项的结果和经验教训。使用这两种方法对11个焦点小组进行了调查，共有来自阿富汗、缅甸和苏丹背景的69名社区成员参与。采用内容分析方法对焦点小组记录进行分析，确定了对食物选择以及健康和营养决定因素的关键影响。从以缺陷为导向和基于优势的方法中获得的信息类型存在差异。尽管基于优势的方法对参与者来说并不熟悉，并且带来了一些挑战，但它确定了以缺陷为导向的方法未发现的社区独特方面，并可作为规划社区健康促进策略的基础。在设计社区项目规划策略时，应考虑每种方法的要素。
