Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Scienze Cardiovascolari ed Immunologiche, Cattedra di Geriatria, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
Aging Dis. 2011 Apr;2(2):138-48. Epub 2011 Feb 6.
Ischemic preconditioning is the effect of brief ischemic episodes which protect the heart from the following more prolonged ischemic episode. This mechanism is effective in younger but not in aged heart. The age-related reduction of ischemic preconditioning has been demonstrated in experimental models and in elderly patients. Preinfarction angina, a clinical equivalent of ischemic preconditioning, reduces mortality in adult but not in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction. Physical activity or caloric restriction is partially capable to preserve the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning in the aging heart. More importantly, physical activity and caloric restriction in tandem action completely preserve the protective mechanism of ischemic preconditioning. Accordingly, the protective mechanism of preinfarction angina is preserved in elderly patients with a high grade of physical activity or a low body-mass index. Thus, both physical activity and caloric restriction are confirmed as powerful anti-aging interventions capable to restore age-dependent reduction of a critical endogenous protective mechanism such as ischemic preconditioning.
缺血预处理是短暂缺血发作对随后更长时间缺血发作的保护作用。这种机制在年轻心脏中有效，但在老年心脏中无效。缺血预处理的年龄相关性降低已在实验模型和老年患者中得到证实。梗死后心绞痛，缺血预处理的临床等效物，可降低成年急性心肌梗死患者的死亡率，但不能降低老年患者的死亡率。体力活动或热量限制部分能够保护衰老心脏的缺血预处理的心脏保护作用。更重要的是，体力活动和热量限制的联合作用完全保留了缺血预处理的保护机制。因此，在体力活动程度高或身体质量指数低的老年患者中，梗死后心绞痛的保护机制得以保留。因此，体力活动和热量限制都被证实是强大的抗衰老干预措施，能够恢复缺血预处理等关键内源性保护机制的年龄相关性降低。
