Mondal Prakash Ranjan, Biswas Sadaruddin, Bose Kaushik
Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Homo. 2012 Apr;63(2):126-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2012.01.001. Epub 2012 Mar 5.
This study was undertaken to determine age and sex variations in the prevalence of underweight and stunting, and to assess the impact of some socio-economic variables on undernutrition among 6-16 year old school children of Bengalee ethnicity in Chapra, West Bengal, India. The subjects were selected randomly from various schools and madrassas of the Chapra Block. A total of 725 children (342 boys and 383 girls) aged 6-16 years were measured and data on their socio-economic status were collected. Age and sex combined rates of underweight and stunting were 44.40% and 37.20%, respectively. Weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) showed significant association with per-capita income (PCI) among boys (F=5.45) and girls (F=8.14). Height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) has also shown the association with per-capita income among boys (F=4.43) and girls (F=9.69). The WAZ was significantly associated with fathers' educational status (FOS) (t=-2.95) and the number of living rooms (NLR) (t=-2.91) among girls. The HAZ showed significant association with number of siblings (NS) among girls (F=4.25). Linear regression analyses revealed that NLR (t=2.04) and NS (t=1.95) had a significant impact on HAZ among boys. Among girls, PCI (t=3.38), FOS (t=2.87) and NLR (t=2.81) had a significant impact on WAZ and also PCI (t=3.28) and FOS (t=2.90) had a significant impact on HAZ. NLR had significant associations with underweight (χ(2)=3.59) and stunting (χ(2)=4.20) among boys. Among girls, PCI had significant associations with underweight (χ(2)=11.15) and stunting (χ(2)=11.64). FOS also showed significant associations with underweight (χ(2)=8.10) as well as stunting (χ(2)=8.28) among girls. NLR showed a significant association with underweight (χ(2)=7.75). Logistics regression analyses revealed that FOS (Wald=8.00) and NLR (Wald=4.09) were significant predictors of stunting among boys. Among girls, PCI was a significant predictor of underweight (Wald=10.95) as well as stunting (Wald=10.45). FOS, NLR and NS were also significant predictors of stunting (Wald=8.16), underweight (Wald=7.68) and stunting (Wald=6.97) respectively. The present study revealed that the nutritional status of the children was unsatisfactory and it is of paramount importance not only to increase the amount of food supplementation given but also to promote gender equality.
本研究旨在确定印度西孟加拉邦恰普拉地区孟加拉族6至16岁学童中体重不足和发育迟缓患病率的年龄和性别差异，并评估一些社会经济变量对营养不良的影响。研究对象从恰普拉街区的各类学校和宗教学校中随机选取。共测量了725名6至16岁的儿童（342名男孩和383名女孩），并收集了他们的社会经济状况数据。年龄和性别综合的体重不足率和发育迟缓率分别为44.40%和37.20%。年龄别体重Z评分（WAZ）在男孩（F = 5.45）和女孩（F = 8.14）中均与人均收入（PCI）呈显著关联。年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）在男孩（F = 4.43）和女孩（F = 9.69）中也与人均收入有关联。在女孩中，WAZ与父亲的教育程度（FOS）（t = -2.95）和客厅数量（NLR）（t = -2.91）呈显著关联。HAZ在女孩中与兄弟姐妹数量（NS）呈显著关联（F = 4.25）。线性回归分析显示，NLR（t = 2.04）和NS（t = 1.95）对男孩的HAZ有显著影响。在女孩中，PCI（t = 3.38）、FOS（t = 2.87）和NLR（t = 2.81）对WAZ有显著影响，PCI（t = 3.28）和FOS（t = 2.90）对HAZ也有显著影响。NLR与男孩的体重不足（χ(2)=3.59）和发育迟缓（χ(2)=4.20）有显著关联。在女孩中，PCI与体重不足（χ(2)=11.15）和发育迟缓（χ(2)=11.64）有显著关联。FOS在女孩中与体重不足（χ(2)=8.10）以及发育迟缓（χ(2)=8.28）也有显著关联。NLR与体重不足（χ(2)=7.75）有显著关联。逻辑回归分析显示，FOS（Wald = 8.00）和NLR（Wald = 4.09）是男孩发育迟缓的显著预测因素。在女孩中，PCI是体重不足（Wald = 10.95）以及发育迟缓（Wald = 10.45）的显著预测因素。FOS、NLR和NS分别是发育迟缓（Wald = 8.16）、体重不足（Wald = 7.68）和发育迟缓（Wald = 6.97）的显著预测因素。本研究表明，儿童的营养状况不尽人意，不仅增加食物补充量至关重要，促进性别平等也至关重要。
