Lu Yao, Long Gui Lu
State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2012 Jan;85(1 Pt 1):011125. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.011125. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
Quantum Szilard engines with an arbitrary number of identical particles are studied in this paper. Analytical expressions for the total work in the low- and high-temperature limits are obtained. The total work depends on both the particle statistics, the odd-even parity, and the temperature of the system. The parity effect is drastic in fermion systems. An odd number of fermions perform work as if they were a single fermion, and an even number of fermions do not perform any work at all. For bosons, there exists a phase transition at a critical temperature under which work done by the engine is always negative. It is found that only above a certain temperature, bosonic quantum Szilard engine does more work than fermionic one. The possible experimental verification of these effects is discussed.
本文研究了具有任意数量相同粒子的量子齐拉德引擎。得到了低温和高温极限下总功的解析表达式。总功既取决于粒子统计、奇偶性，也取决于系统的温度。奇偶性效应在费米子系统中非常显著。奇数个费米子做功的方式就好像它们是单个费米子一样，而偶数个费米子根本不做功。对于玻色子，在临界温度下存在相变，在此温度以下引擎所做的功总是负的。研究发现，只有在一定温度以上，玻色子量子齐拉德引擎比费米子量子齐拉德引擎做的功更多。文中还讨论了这些效应可能的实验验证。
