Haddad G G, Epstein R A, Epstein M A, Leistner H L, Marino P A, Mellins R B
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1979 May;46(5):998-1002. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1979.46.5.998.
Noninvasive studies of ventilation and ventilatory pattern were performed serially in 15 normal infants in the first 4 mo of life during REM and quiet sleep with the barometric method. We measured tidal volume (VT), total respiratory cycle time (Ttot), inspiratory time (Ti), expiratory time (TE), mean inspiratory flow (VT/TI), and respiratory "duty cycle" (TI/Ttot). Vt, Ttot, TI, TE, VT/TI, and VT/Ttot but not TI/Ttot increased with age. In all age groups, Ttot, TI, and TE but not VT/TI were greater in quiet than in REM sleep. In the first 2 mo of life, VT was greater in quiet than in REM sleep; in the older infants, VT/Ttot was smaller in quiet than in REM sleep. TI/Ttot was not dependent on sleep state. Thus, because VT/Ttot = VT/TI X TI/Ttot, the increase in VT/Ttot with age results from an increase in mean inspiratory flow rather than from changes in respiratory "duty cycle". Further, the "on-switching" as well as the "off-switching" of inspiratory activity depends on sleep state.
采用气压法，对15名正常婴儿在出生后头4个月的快速眼动睡眠和安静睡眠期间进行了一系列通气及通气模式的无创研究。我们测量了潮气量（VT）、总呼吸周期时间（Ttot）、吸气时间（Ti）、呼气时间（TE）、平均吸气流量（VT/TI）和呼吸“占空比”（TI/Ttot）。VT、Ttot、Ti、TE、VT/TI和VT/Ttot随年龄增长而增加，但TI/Ttot除外。在所有年龄组中，安静睡眠时的Ttot、Ti和TE大于快速眼动睡眠时，但VT/TI除外。在出生后的头2个月，安静睡眠时的VT大于快速眼动睡眠时；在较大婴儿中，安静睡眠时的VT/Ttot小于快速眼动睡眠时。TI/Ttot不依赖于睡眠状态。因此，由于VT/Ttot = VT/TI×TI/Ttot，VT/Ttot随年龄增长是由于平均吸气流量增加，而非呼吸“占空比”的变化。此外，吸气活动的“开启转换”以及“关闭转换”取决于睡眠状态。
