Milwaukee Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA.
Psychotherapy (Chic). 2010 Sep;47(3):296-305. doi: 10.1037/a0021161.
Traditional masculine socialization presents challenges in psychotherapy, for example, by decreasing the likelihood of help-seeking and by making emotion-laden content more difficult to address. While this has been established in civilian populations, more intense forms of masculine socialization found in military settings may amplify such issues in male veteran populations. Male veterans returning from and Afghanistan (OEF) and Iraq (OIF) exhibit strong traditional masculine socialization and generally present in a unique manner. It is posited that OEF/OIF male veterans' unique presentation is in large part because of an interaction between high degrees of endorsement of traditional masculine gender role norms, relative youth, recency of distressing events, and recent experience in the social context of the military where traditional masculinity is reinforced. The impact of these variables on the psychotherapeutic process for male OEF/OIF veterans is significant and likely adds to ambivalence about change and increases dropout from psychotherapy. Modifications of traditional psychotherapeutic approaches designed to address traditional masculine gender role norms and their many interactions with other variables are discussed.
传统的男性社会化在心理治疗中带来了挑战，例如，降低了寻求帮助的可能性，并使充满情感的内容更难以处理。虽然这在平民群体中已经得到证实，但在军事环境中发现的更强烈的男性社会化形式可能会放大男性退伍军人群体中的此类问题。从阿富汗（OEF）和伊拉克（OIF）返回的男性退伍军人表现出强烈的传统男性社会化，通常以独特的方式出现。有人假设，OEF/OIF 男性退伍军人的独特表现很大程度上是由于高度认可传统男性性别角色规范、相对年轻、近期发生痛苦事件以及最近在军事社会环境中的经历相互作用的结果，在这种环境中，传统的男子气概得到了加强。这些变量对男性 OEF/OIF 退伍军人的心理治疗过程产生了重大影响，并且可能增加了对改变的矛盾心理，并增加了从心理治疗中辍学的人数。讨论了对传统心理治疗方法的修改，旨在解决传统男性性别角色规范及其与其他变量的许多相互作用。
