Liangos O
Klinikum Coburg, III. Med. Klinik, Coburg, Germany.
Minerva Urol Nefrol. 2012 Mar;64(1):51-62.
Acute kidney injury is a common complication in hospitalized patients and is associated with substantially increased morbidity and mortality. Frequently, it is caused by impaired renal perfusion, ischemia and reperfusion injury, sepsis or urinary tract obstruction, but often its etiology is multifactorial. In this context, the contribution of nephrotoxic medications to the development of AKI plays an important role. This review begins with an attempt to evaluate the importance of drug-related acute kidney injury in general. Then, a selected list of 7 classes of drugs or compounds, namely aminoglycosides, aristolochic acid, cytostatic drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, osmotic agents, radiocontrast, and phosphate salts are discussed in depth, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment. While not attempting to be exhaustive, this review attempts to provide an overview with additional in-depth information on certain classes of drugs that are either of general importance or have recently emerged in the literature.
急性肾损伤是住院患者常见的并发症，与发病率和死亡率的显著增加相关。通常，它由肾灌注受损、缺血再灌注损伤、脓毒症或尿路梗阻引起，但病因往往是多因素的。在此背景下，肾毒性药物对急性肾损伤发生发展的作用十分重要。本综述首先尝试评估药物相关急性肾损伤的总体重要性。然后，深入讨论了7类药物或化合物，即氨基糖苷类、马兜铃酸、细胞毒性药物、非甾体抗炎药、渗透剂、放射性造影剂和磷酸盐，包括它们的流行病学、病理生理学、临床特征和治疗。本综述虽不力求详尽，但试图提供一个概述，并对某些具有普遍重要性或最近在文献中出现的药物类别提供更多深入信息。
