Hock R, Anderson R J
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220, USA.
J Crit Care. 1995 Mar;10(1):33-43. doi: 10.1016/0883-9441(95)90029-2.
Acute renal failure (ARF) occurs in 5% to 25% of all admissions to an intensive care unit (ICU). The development of ICU-associated ARF increases the average mortality from about 15% to more than 60%. ARF is also associated with significant prolongation of hospital stay as well as substantial expense. Recent studies suggest that a significant percent of hospital-acquired ARF is caused by nephrotoxins. This brief review will discuss the frequency of occurrence, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical course, and prevention of nephrotoxicity that may occur after exposure to aminoglycosides, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and radiographic contrast agents.
急性肾衰竭（ARF）在重症监护病房（ICU）所有入院患者中发生率为5%至25%。ICU相关性ARF的发生使平均死亡率从约15%升至60%以上。ARF还与住院时间显著延长及高额费用相关。近期研究表明，相当一部分医院获得性ARF由肾毒素引起。本简要综述将讨论接触氨基糖苷类、非甾体抗炎药和放射造影剂后可能发生的肾毒性的发生率、病理生理学、危险因素、临床病程及预防。
