Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Anim Cogn. 2012 Jul;15(4):711-7. doi: 10.1007/s10071-012-0470-5.
A Grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus), able to quantify sets of eight or fewer items (including heterogeneous subsets), to sum two sequentially presented sets of 0–6 items (up to 6), and to identify and serially order Arabic numerals (1–8), all by using English labels (Pepperberg in J Comp Psychol 108:36–44, 1994; J CompPsychol 120:1–11, 2006a; J Comp Psychol 120:205–216,2006b; Pepperberg and Carey submitted), was tested on addition of two Arabic numerals or three sequentially presented collections (e.g., of variously sized jelly beans or nuts). He was, without explicit training and in the absence of the previously viewed addends, asked, "How many total?" and required to answer with a vocal English number label. In a few trials on the Arabic numeral addition, he was also shown variously colored Arabic numerals while the addends were hidden and asked "What color number (is the) total?" Although his death precluded testing on all possible arrays, his accuracy was statistically significant and suggested addition abilities comparable with those of nonhuman primates.
一只灰鹦鹉（Psittacus erithacus），能够对不超过 8 个的物品集进行量化（包括异质子集），对两个连续呈现的 0-6 个物品集进行求和（最多 6 个），并通过使用英文标签来识别和连续排序阿拉伯数字（1-8）（Pepperberg 在 J Comp Psychol 108:36-44, 1994; J CompPsychol 120:1-11, 2006a; J Comp Psychol 120:205-216,2006b; Pepperberg 和 Carey 提交），在两个阿拉伯数字或三个连续呈现的集合（例如，不同大小的软糖或坚果）的加法测试中接受了测试。在没有明确训练且没有先前查看的加数的情况下，他被问到“总数是多少？”，并需要用英语数字标签回答。在一些关于阿拉伯数字加法的试验中，当加数被隐藏并被问到“总数是几号（什么颜色）？”时，他还看到了不同颜色的阿拉伯数字。尽管他的去世使所有可能的数组都无法进行测试，但他的准确性具有统计学意义，表明他的加法能力可与非人类灵长类动物相媲美。
