Department of Psychology, Westminster College, Fulton, MO 65251, USA.
Percept Mot Skills. 2011 Dec;113(3):957-68. doi: 10.2466/24.27.PMS.113.6.957-968.
Analogous illusions of brightness, line length, and object size occur when stimulus distributions follow the Mach function. Similarly, analogous illusions of brightness and length are produced by stimulus distributions that follow the Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet function. In Exp. 1, object size is studied using Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet stimuli composed of 12 clip-art representations of candles, swords, forks, screwdrivers, or pens. Despite their equal dimensions, the three objects next to the taller gradient were judged larger than the three adjacent to the shorter gradient. In Exp. 2, variations of the sword and screwdriver figures having three separations of their constituent objects were used. The illusion produced in Exp. 1 was replicated and, for the figures composed of screwdrivers, increasing separation reduced the hypothesized mis-estimations. The relationship of these Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet size illusions to their brightness and length counterparts mirrors the relationships previously reported for Mach stimuli; moreover, these findings converge to suggest that the visual system registers size of objects with a frequency code and that illusions of size appear when interactions among neurons disrupt this code.
当刺激分布遵循马赫函数时，会出现亮度、线长和物体大小的类似错觉。同样，当刺激分布遵循Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet 函数时，也会产生亮度和长度的类似错觉。在实验 1 中，使用由 12 个蜡烛、剑、叉、螺丝刀或钢笔的剪贴画表示的 Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet 刺激来研究物体大小。尽管它们的尺寸相等，但位于较高梯度旁边的三个物体被判断比位于较短梯度旁边的三个物体更大。在实验 2 中，使用了具有三个组成物体分离的剑和螺丝刀图形的变体。实验 1 中产生的错觉得到了复制，并且对于由螺丝刀组成的图形，增加分离度会减少假设的错误估计。这些 Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet 大小错觉与它们的亮度和长度对应物之间的关系反映了先前报告的马赫刺激的关系；此外，这些发现趋于表明视觉系统使用频率码来记录物体的大小，并且当神经元之间的相互作用破坏此代码时，会出现大小错觉。
