Purves Dale, Williams S Mark, Nundy Surajit, Lotto R Beau
Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2004 Jan;111(1):142-58. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.142.
The relationship between luminance (i.e., the photometric intensity of light) and its perception (i.e., sensations of lightness or brightness) has long been a puzzle. In addition to the mystery of why these perceptual qualities do not scale with luminance in any simple way, "illusions" such as simultaneous brightness contrast, Mach bands, Craik-O'Brien-Cornsweet edge effects, and the Chubb-Sperling-Solomon illusion have all generated much interest but no generally accepted explanation. The authors review evidence that the full range of this perceptual phenomenology can be rationalized in terms of an empirical theory of vision. The implication of these observations is that perceptions of lightness and brightness are generated according to the probability distributions of the possible sources of luminance values in stimuli that are inevitably ambiguous.
亮度（即光的光度强度）与其感知（即明度或亮度感觉）之间的关系长期以来一直是个谜。除了这些感知特性为何不以任何简单方式随亮度变化这一谜团外，诸如同时对比亮度、马赫带、克莱克 - 奥布赖恩 - 科恩斯威特边缘效应以及查布 - 斯珀林 - 所罗门错觉等“错觉”都引发了诸多关注，但却没有被普遍接受的解释。作者回顾了相关证据，表明这种感知现象学的全部范围可以根据一种视觉经验理论得到合理阐释。这些观察结果的含义是，明度和亮度的感知是根据刺激中亮度值可能来源的概率分布产生的，而这些刺激不可避免地具有模糊性。
