Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2012;63:107-30. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-042811-105545. Epub 2012 Feb 9.
It is well known that burning of vegetation stimulates new plant growth and landscape regeneration. The discovery that char and smoke from such fires promote seed germination in many species indicates the presence of chemical stimulants. Nitrogen oxides stimulate seed germination, but their importance in post-fire germination has been questioned. Cyanohydrins have been recently identified in aqueous smoke solutions and shown to stimulate germination of some species through the slow release of cyanide. However, the most information is available for karrikins, a family of butenolides related to 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one. Karrikins stimulate seed germination and influence seedling growth. They are active in species not normally associated with fire, and in Arabidopsis they require the F-box protein MAX2, which also controls responses to strigolactone hormones. We hypothesize that chemical similarity between karrikins and strigolactones provided the opportunity for plants to employ a common signal transduction pathway to respond to both types of compound, while tailoring specific developmental responses to these distinct environmental signals.
众所周知，植被燃烧会刺激新的植物生长和景观再生。研究发现，此类火灾产生的炭和烟雾能促进许多物种的种子发芽，这表明其中存在化学刺激物。氮氧化物能刺激种子发芽，但它们在火灾后发芽中的重要性一直存在争议。最近在水烟溶液中鉴定出了氰醇，它通过缓慢释放氰化物来刺激一些物种的发芽。然而，关于卡瑞菌素（一种与 3-甲基-2H-呋喃[2,3-c]吡喃-2-酮有关的丁烯内酯家族）的信息最为丰富。卡瑞菌素能刺激种子发芽并影响幼苗生长。它们在通常与火灾无关的物种中起作用，在拟南芥中，它们需要 F-box 蛋白 MAX2，该蛋白还控制对独脚金内酯激素的反应。我们假设卡瑞菌素和独脚金内酯之间的化学相似性为植物提供了机会，使其能够利用共同的信号转导途径来响应这两种化合物，同时针对这些不同的环境信号定制特定的发育反应。
