Shenko Alicia N, Bien Walter F, Spotila James R, Avery Harold W
Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Integr Zool. 2012 Mar;7(1):16-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2011.00274.x.
We compared small mammal community composition among undisturbed habitats and habitats disturbed by military operations on Warren Grove Gunnery Range (WGR) in the New Jersey Pinelands. WGR is one of the largest tracts of protected land within this globally rare ecosystem. Disturbance in the form of fire, mowing, soil disruption and logging has had a large effect on small mammal occurrence and distribution. Of the 14 small mammal species that occur in the Pinelands, 9 live on WGR, including large populations of the southern bog lemming (Synaptomys cooperi Baird, 1858) and meadow jumping mouse [Zapus hudsonius (Zimmermann, 1780)]. Simpson's Index of Diversity was 0 for most disturbed sites and was generally greater in wetlands than in uplands. White-footed mouse [Peromyscus leucopus (Rafinesque, 1818)] was the most common species on WGR and had a dominant effect on species diversity and community similarity indices. It dominated upland habitats and was the only species to occur in several disturbed habitats, whereas all 9 species occurred in wetlands. Principal components analysis indicated that most variation in species diversity was explained by disturbance and differences between upland and wetland habitats, due to presence of white-footed mice in disturbed and upland sites. Meadow jumping mice, southern bog lemmings and red-back voles [Myodes gapperi (Vigors, 1830)] were positively correlated with wetland habitats, and pine voles [Microtus pinetorum (Le Conte, 1830)], short-tail shrews [Blarina brevicauda (Say, 1823)] and eastern chipmunks [Tamias striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)] were associated with uplands. Habitat heterogeneity at WGR, including extensive undisturbed wetlands and uplands supported a rich diversity of small mammal species.
我们比较了新泽西州松林中沃伦格罗夫靶场（WGR）未受干扰的栖息地以及受军事行动干扰的栖息地中的小型哺乳动物群落组成。WGR是这个全球罕见生态系统中最大的一片受保护土地。火灾、割草、土壤扰动和伐木等干扰形式对小型哺乳动物的出现和分布产生了重大影响。在松林中出现的14种小型哺乳动物中，有9种生活在WGR，包括大量的南部沼泽旅鼠（Synaptomys cooperi Baird，1858年）和草原跳鼠[Zapus hudsonius（Zimmermann，1780年）]。大多数受干扰地点的辛普森多样性指数为0，湿地的该指数总体上高于高地。白足鼠[Peromyscus leucopus（Rafinesque，1818年）]是WGR上最常见的物种，对物种多样性和群落相似性指数具有主导作用。它在高地栖息地占主导地位，是几种受干扰栖息地中唯一出现的物种，而所有9种物种都出现在湿地中。主成分分析表明，物种多样性的大部分变化是由干扰以及高地和湿地栖息地之间的差异所解释的，这是由于受干扰地点和高地存在白足鼠。草原跳鼠、南部沼泽旅鼠和红背田鼠[Myodes gapperi（Vigors，1830年）]与湿地栖息地呈正相关，而松田鼠[Microtus pinetorum（Le Conte，1830年）]、短尾鼩鼱[Blarina brevicauda（Say，1823年）]和东部花栗鼠[Tamias striatus（Linnaeus，1758年）]与高地有关联。WGR的栖息地异质性，包括广阔的未受干扰的湿地和高地，支持了丰富多样的小型哺乳动物物种。
