Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Core, Winthrop University Hospital, 222 Station Plaza North, Mineola, USA.
Amino Acids. 2013 Jan;44(1):129-42. doi: 10.1007/s00726-011-1209-3. Epub 2012 Mar 10.
Transglutaminases catalyze the formation of γ-glutamylamines utilizing glutamyl residues and amine-bearing compounds such as lysyl residues and polyamines. These γ-glutamylamines can be released from proteins by proteases in an intact form. The free γ-glutamylamines can be catabolized to 5-oxo-L-proline and the free amine by γ-glutamylamine cyclotransferase. Free γ-glutamylamines, however, accumulate in the CSF and affected areas of Huntington Disease brain. This observation suggests transglutaminase-derived γ-glutamylamines may play a more significant role in neurodegeneration than previously thought. The following monograph reviews the metabolism of γ-glutamylamines and examines the possibility that these species contribute to neurodegeneration.
转谷氨酰胺酶利用谷氨酸残基和赖氨酸残基和多胺等带胺化合物催化 γ-谷氨酰基胺的形成。这些 γ-谷氨酰基胺可以通过蛋白酶以完整的形式从蛋白质中释放出来。游离的 γ-谷氨酰基胺可以被 γ-谷氨酰基胺环转移酶代谢为 5-氧代-L-脯氨酸和游离胺。然而，游离的 γ-谷氨酰基胺在 CSF 和亨廷顿病大脑的受影响区域中积累。这一观察结果表明，转谷氨酰胺酶衍生的 γ-谷氨酰基胺在神经退行性变中的作用可能比以前认为的更为重要。本专论综述了 γ-谷氨酰基胺的代谢，并探讨了这些物质是否有助于神经退行性变。
