Glémin Sylvain, Galtier Nicolas
Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR5554, Université Montpellier II, Montpellier, France.
Methods Mol Biol. 2012;855:311-35. doi: 10.1007/978-1-61779-582-4_11.
A major current molecular evolution challenge is to link comparative genomic patterns to species' biology and ecology. Breeding systems are pivotal because they affect many population genetic processes, and thus genome evolution. We review theoretical predictions and empirical evidence about molecular evolutionary processes under three distinct breeding systems-outcrossing, selfing, and asexuality. Breeding systems may have a profound impact on genome evolution, including molecular evolutionary rates, base composition, genomic conflict, and possibly genome size. However, while asexual species essentially conform to theoretical predictions, the situation is less simple in selfing species. We discuss the possible reasons to potentially explain this paradox. In reverse, comparative and population genomic data and approaches help revisiting old questions on the long-term evolution of breeding systems.
当前分子进化面临的一个主要挑战是将比较基因组模式与物种的生物学和生态学联系起来。繁殖系统至关重要，因为它们影响许多群体遗传过程，进而影响基因组进化。我们综述了关于三种不同繁殖系统——异交、自交和无性繁殖——下分子进化过程的理论预测和经验证据。繁殖系统可能对基因组进化产生深远影响，包括分子进化速率、碱基组成、基因组冲突，甚至可能影响基因组大小。然而，虽然无性繁殖物种基本上符合理论预测，但自交物种的情况则没那么简单。我们讨论了可能解释这一矛盾现象的原因。反过来，比较基因组和群体基因组数据及方法有助于重新审视关于繁殖系统长期进化的老问题。
