Toxicity of carbon nanotubes to p21 and hus1 gene deficient mammalian cells.

Carbon nanotubes including single wall and multi wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT and MWNT) are attractive nanomaterials with great promise in industrial and medical applications. However, little is known about the role of p21 and hus1 gene in the toxic response of SWNT and MWNT to mammalian cells. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of the p21 and hus1 genes in the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. Comparison of micronucleus fraction between the wild type and p21 -/- , hus1 +/+ mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells was performed experimentally. Our results show that the yield of the micronucleus ratio in p21 gene knock-out MEF cells is lower than that in the wild type counterpart, indicating that p21 may play as anti-apoptosis factor during the signal transduction of DNA damage caused by carbon nanotubes in mammalian cells.