Klin Med (Mosk). 2011;89(6):4-8.
At present, almost 25% of the world population suffer from venous thromboembolism (VTE). This condition is currently regarded as a continuum of thromboembolism of pulmonary artery (TEPA) and venous thromboses including superficial venous thromboses. These diseases are not infrequently concomitant and asymptomatic. Up to 75% of the cases of venous thrombosis in the lower extremities are associated with latent TEPA and 80% of the cases of pulmonory embolism with asymptomatic venous thrombosis. The mortality rate from TEPA is estimated to be one person per 1,000. The data of autopsies indicate that 50-80% of the TEPA cases are not diagnosed at all. As many as 300 subjects of 100,000 suffer trophic ulcers in the lower extremities as a result of previous venous thrombosis. Prophylaxis is supposed to be the principal means of VTE control. Chronic lung diseases are the leading risk factors of VTE. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. It is expected to become the third major cause of death by 2020. Hospitalization of COPD patients in therapeutic clinics increases the risk of VTE by 7.98 times. Prophylaxis of VTE in COPD patients may reduce the frequency of exacerbation and hospitalization and increase life expectancy.
目前，全球近25%的人口患有静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）。这种病症目前被视为肺动脉血栓栓塞症（TEPA）和静脉血栓形成（包括浅静脉血栓形成）的连续过程。这些疾病常常相伴发生且无明显症状。下肢静脉血栓形成病例中高达75%与潜在的TEPA相关，而肺栓塞病例中80%与无症状静脉血栓形成相关。据估计，TEPA的死亡率为每1000人中有1人。尸检数据表明，50%至80%的TEPA病例根本未被诊断出来。每10万人中多达300人因先前的静脉血栓形成而患有下肢营养性溃疡。预防被认为是控制VTE的主要手段。慢性肺部疾病是VTE的主要危险因素。慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。预计到2020年它将成为第三大死亡原因。COPD患者在治疗诊所住院会使VTE风险增加7.98倍。对COPD患者进行VTE预防可能会降低病情加重和住院的频率，并延长预期寿命。
