Hultsch D F, Hertzog C, Dixon R A
Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 1990 Sep;5(3):356-68. doi: 10.1037//0882-7974.5.3.356.
The predictive relationships between an array of cognitive process and intellectual ability variables and text- and word-recall performance were examined. A sample of 584 men and women from 3 age groups (19-36, 55-69, and 70-86 years) completed a battery of 23 tasks marking 2 latent criterion variables and 10 latent predictor variables. The results indicated that (a) individual differences in process and ability variables predict performance on text and word recall, accounting for approximately half of the variance; (b) the pattern of predictors is quite similar for text and word recall; (c) age-related differences in text and word recall can be substantially accounted for by individual differences in constituent abilities, particularly indicators of verbal speed and working memory; and (d) there is some evidence to suggest that the pattern of ability-performance relationships varies across age, but such interactions appear to be relatively small.
研究了一系列认知过程、智力能力变量与文本及单词回忆表现之间的预测关系。从3个年龄组（19 - 36岁、55 - 69岁和70 - 86岁）抽取了584名男性和女性作为样本，他们完成了一组包含23项任务的测试，这些任务标记了2个潜在标准变量和10个潜在预测变量。结果表明：（a）过程和能力变量中的个体差异可预测文本和单词回忆的表现，约占方差的一半；（b）文本和单词回忆的预测模式非常相似；（c）文本和单词回忆中与年龄相关的差异可很大程度上由构成能力的个体差异来解释，尤其是言语速度和工作记忆指标；（d）有证据表明能力 - 表现关系模式随年龄变化，但这种相互作用似乎相对较小。
