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极度低的遗传多样性表明西伯利亚螈(两栖纲:有尾目)濒危状况以及对系统地理学的影响。

Extremely low genetic diversity indicating the endangered status of Ranodon sibiricus (Amphibia: Caudata) and implications for phylogeography.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e33378. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033378. Epub 2012 Mar 12.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The Siberian salamander (Ranodon sibiricus), distributed in geographically isolated areas of Central Asia, is an ideal alpine species for studies of conservation and phylogeography. However, there are few data regarding the genetic diversity in R. sibiricus populations.

METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used two genetic markers (mtDNA and microsatellites) to survey all six populations of R. sibiricus in China. Both of the markers revealed extreme genetic uniformity among these populations. There were only three haplotypes in the mtDNA, and the overall nucleotide diversity in the mtDNA was 0.00064, ranging from 0.00000 to 0.00091 for the six populations. Although we recovered 70 sequences containing microsatellite repeats, there were only two loci that displayed polymorphism. We used the approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) method to study the demographic history of the populations. This analysis suggested that the extant populations diverged from the ancestral population approximately 120 years ago and that the historical population size was much larger than the present population size; i.e., R. sibiricus has experienced dramatic population declines.

CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that the genetic diversity in the R. sibiricus populations is the lowest among all investigated amphibians. We conclude that the isolation of R. sibiricus populations occurred recently and was a result of recent human activity and/or climatic changes. The Pleistocene glaciation oscillations may have facilitated intraspecies genetic homogeneity rather than enhanced divergence. A low genomic evolutionary rate and elevated inbreeding frequency may have also contributed to the low genetic variation observed in this species. Our findings indicate the urgency of implementing a protection plan for this endangered species.

摘要

背景

分布于中亚地理隔离地区的西伯利亚蝾螈(Ranodon sibiricus)是研究保护和系统地理学的理想高山物种。然而,关于西伯利亚蝾螈种群的遗传多样性的数据很少。

方法/主要发现:我们使用两种遗传标记(线粒体 DNA 和微卫星)调查了中国的六个西伯利亚蝾螈种群。这两种标记都揭示了这些种群之间极端的遗传均一性。线粒体 DNA 中只有三个单倍型,线粒体 DNA 的总核苷酸多样性在六个种群中范围为 0.00064,从 0.00000 到 0.00091。尽管我们回收了含有微卫星重复序列的 70 个序列,但只有两个位点显示出多态性。我们使用近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)方法研究了种群的历史人口动态。该分析表明,现存的种群大约在 120 年前从祖先种群中分化出来,并且历史种群规模比现在的种群规模大得多;即,西伯利亚蝾螈经历了剧烈的种群减少。

结论/意义:我们的研究结果表明,西伯利亚蝾螈种群的遗传多样性是所有研究的两栖动物中最低的。我们得出结论,西伯利亚蝾螈种群的隔离是最近发生的,是人类活动和/或气候变化的结果。更新世冰川波动可能促进了种内遗传同质性,而不是增强了分化。基因组进化率低和近亲繁殖频率高也可能导致该物种观察到的遗传变异较低。我们的研究结果表明,迫切需要实施保护这个濒危物种的计划。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/e2c5/3299782/91871a6223cd/pone.0033378.g001.jpg

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