Division of Medical Virology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2012 Aug;26(4):441-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Mar 17.
Topically applied vaginal microbicides to protect against human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus infection offer an important female-controlled prevention strategy. Microbicides have been in development for more than 2 decades, and have included various agents that disrupt cellular and microbial membranes (surfactants), restore the natural acidic protective pH of the vagina (acid buffers), and those that interfere with interactions between HIV envelope proteins and cellular receptors (anionic polymers). Although none of these candidate microbicides have shown significant protection against HIV in clinical trials, a topical gel, including the antiretroviral drug tenofovir (TFV) 1% was the first microbicide to be tested to show some protection against HIV infection. This review explores the effect of female genital tract biology and anatomy, mucosal inflammation, and age on the effectiveness of microbicides to prevent HIV infection.
局部应用阴道杀微生物剂预防人体免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染为一种重要的女性控制预防策略。杀微生物剂的研究已经超过 20 年，包括破坏细胞膜和微生物膜的各种制剂（表面活性剂）、恢复阴道自然酸性保护 pH 值（酸缓冲剂）以及干扰 HIV 包膜蛋白和细胞受体相互作用的制剂（阴离子聚合物）。虽然这些候选杀微生物剂在临床试验中均未显示出对 HIV 的显著保护作用，但一种包括抗逆转录病毒药物替诺福韦（TFV）1%的局部凝胶是第一种经过测试显示对 HIV 感染有一定保护作用的杀微生物剂。本综述探讨了女性生殖道生物学和解剖结构、黏膜炎症和年龄对杀微生物剂预防 HIV 感染效果的影响。
