Oceanic Institute, Waimanalo, HI 96795, USA.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2012 Jun;110(2):247-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.01.013. Epub 2012 Mar 13.
About 3.5 million metric tons of farmed shrimp were produced globally in 2009 with an estimated value greater than USD$14.6 billion. Despite the economic importance of farmed shrimp, the global shrimp farming industry continues to be plagued by disease. There are a number of strategies a shrimp farmer can employ to mitigate crop loss from disease, including the use of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF), selectively bred shrimp and the adoption of on-farm biosecurity practices. Selective breeding for disease resistance began in the mid 1990s in response to outbreaks of Taura syndrome, caused by Taura syndrome virus (TSV), which devastated populations of farmed shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) throughout the Americas. Breeding programs designed to enhance TSV survival have generated valuable information about the quantitative genetics of disease resistance in shrimp and have produced shrimp families which exhibit high survival after TSV exposure. The commercial availability of these selected shrimp has benefitted the shrimp farming industry and TSV is no longer considered a major threat in many shrimp farming regions. Although selective breeding has been valuable in combating TSV, this approach has not been effective for other viral pathogens and selective breeding may not be the most effective strategy for the long-term viability of the industry. Cost-effective, on-farm biosecurity protocols can be more practical and less expensive than breeding programs designed to enhance disease resistance. Of particular importance is the use of SPF shrimp stocked in biosecure environments where physical barriers are in place to mitigate the introduction and spread of virulent pathogens.
2009 年，全球养殖虾产量约为 350 万吨，估计价值超过 146 亿美元。尽管养殖虾具有重要的经济意义，但全球虾养殖行业仍深受疾病困扰。虾农可以采取多种策略来减轻疾病造成的作物损失，包括使用特定病原体无（SPF）、经选择性培育的虾和采用农场生物安全措施。对疾病的抗性选择性培育始于 20 世纪 90 年代中期，以应对由 Taura 综合征病毒（TSV）引起的 Taura 综合征的爆发，这种病毒摧毁了美洲各地养殖虾（凡纳滨对虾）的种群。旨在提高 TSV 存活率的繁殖计划提供了有关虾类疾病抗性的数量遗传学的宝贵信息，并产生了在 TSV 暴露后表现出高存活率的虾类家族。这些经过选择的虾的商业可用性使虾养殖行业受益，并且 TSV 不再被认为是许多虾养殖地区的主要威胁。尽管选择性培育在对抗 TSV 方面非常有价值，但这种方法对于其他病毒病原体并不有效，而且选择性培育可能不是该行业长期生存的最有效策略。在农场实施具有成本效益的生物安全协议比旨在增强疾病抗性的繁殖计划更实际且更便宜。特别重要的是使用 SPF 虾在生物安全环境中储备，在这些环境中设置物理屏障以减轻毒力病原体的引入和传播。
