Department of Psychology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 2912 College Avenue, Davie, FL, 33314, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2012 Nov;16(8):2144-59. doi: 10.1007/s10461-012-0166-5.
To examine effects between stressors and coping mechanisms on behavioral health outcomes a meta-analysis was conducted using forty empirical articles which sampled 7,602 adult women living with HIV/AIDS in the U.S. (M = 36.3 years). Three independent reviewers conducted searches in abstract databases from 1997 to present day. Articles reporting effect sizes amongst psychosocial stressors and coping mechanisms with indices of behavioral/mental health were selected. The meta-analyses revealed that in a time frame characterized by the widespread availability of anti-retroviral medication, poor mental health outcomes were predicted, in a similar manner, by psychosocial stress and HIV/AIDS symptomology. Significant effects were also observed with functional impairment, though to a lesser degree. Coping by avoidance and social isolation predicted more severe mental health outcomes. Spirituality and positive reappraisal predicted greater psychological adaptation than did social support seeking. Despite advancements in anti-retroviral treatment for women, HIV/AIDS symptoms and acute and/or chronic psychosocial stress pose the same threat to behavioral and mental health. In the face of these stressors, positive reframing appears to promote psychological adaptation in a way which may lead to positive health outcomes in women living with HIV/AIDS.
为了考察应激源和应对机制对行为健康结果的影响，对 40 篇抽样调查了美国 7602 名成年 HIV/AIDS 女性的实证文章进行了荟萃分析（M=36.3 岁）。三位独立评审员在 1997 年至今的摘要数据库中进行了检索。选择了报告心理社会应激源和应对机制与行为/心理健康指标之间效应大小的文章。荟萃分析表明，在广泛应用抗逆转录病毒药物的背景下，心理社会应激和 HIV/AIDS 症状同样预示着较差的心理健康结果。功能障碍也存在显著影响，尽管程度较小。回避和社会隔离的应对方式预示着更严重的心理健康结果。与寻求社会支持相比，精神信仰和积极的重新评价预示着更大的心理适应。尽管女性的抗逆转录病毒治疗取得了进展，但 HIV/AIDS 症状和急性及/或慢性心理社会应激对行为和心理健康仍构成同样的威胁。面对这些应激源，积极的重新评估似乎以一种可能导致 HIV/AIDS 女性获得积极健康结果的方式促进了心理适应。
