Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 2012 May;50(5):275-9. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.02.001. Epub 2012 Feb 19.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During EMDR, patients make eye movements (EMs) while recalling traumatic memories, but recently therapists have replaced EMs by alternating beep tones. There are no outcome studies on the effects of tones. In an earlier analogue study, tones were inferior to EMs in the reduction of vividness of aversive memories. In a first EMDR session, 12 PTSD patients recalled trauma memories in three conditions: recall only, recall + tones, and recall + EMs. Three competing hypotheses were tested: 1) EMs are as effective as tones and better than recall only, 2) EMs are better than tones and tones are as effective as recall only, and 3) EMs are better than tones and tones are better than recall only. The order of conditions was balanced, each condition was delivered twice, and decline in memory vividness and emotionality served as outcome measures. The data strongly support hypothesis 2 and 3 over 1: EMs outperformed tones while it remained unclear if tones add to recall only. The findings add to earlier considerations and earlier analogue findings suggesting that EMs are superior to tones and that replacing the former by the latter was premature.
眼动脱敏再处理（EMDR）是治疗创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的有效方法。在 EMDR 过程中，患者在回忆创伤性记忆时会进行眼球运动（EMs），但最近治疗师已将 EMs 替换为交替的蜂鸣声。目前还没有关于这些声音效果的研究。在早期的模拟研究中，与 EMs 相比，声音在减少痛苦记忆的生动性方面效果较差。在第一次 EMDR 治疗中，12 名 PTSD 患者在三种条件下回忆创伤性记忆：仅回忆、回忆+声音和回忆+EMs。测试了三个竞争假设：1）EMs 和声音一样有效，且优于仅回忆；2）EMs 优于声音，且声音和仅回忆一样有效；3）EMs 优于声音，且声音优于仅回忆。条件的顺序是平衡的，每种条件都进行了两次，记忆生动度和情感性的下降作为结果测量。数据强烈支持假设 2 和 3，而不是假设 1：EMs 优于声音，而声音是否对仅回忆有帮助仍不清楚。这些发现增加了早期的考虑和早期模拟发现，即 EMs 优于声音，并且用后者替代前者为时过早。
