International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, P.O. Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
J Integr Plant Biol. 2012 Apr;54(4):238-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7909.2012.01118.x.
The ability to quickly develop germplasm having tolerance to several complex polygenic inherited abiotic and biotic stresses combined is critical to the resilience of cropping systems in the face of climate change. Molecular breeding offers the tools to accelerate cereal breeding; however, suitable phenotyping protocols are essential to ensure that the much-anticipated benefits of molecular breeding can be realized. To facilitate the full potential of molecular tools, greater emphasis needs to be given to reducing the within-experimental site variability, application of stress and characterization of the environment and appropriate phenotyping tools. Yield is a function of many processes throughout the plant cycle, and thus integrative traits that encompass crop performance over time or organization level (i.e. canopy level) will provide a better alternative to instantaneous measurements which provide only a snapshot of a given plant process. Many new phenotyping tools based on remote sensing are now available including non-destructive measurements of growth-related parameters based on spectral reflectance and infrared thermometry to estimate plant water status. Here we describe key field phenotyping protocols for maize with emphasis on tolerance to drought and low nitrogen.
快速开发具有耐受几种复杂多基因遗传非生物和生物胁迫能力的种质资源对于应对气候变化的种植系统的恢复力至关重要。分子育种为加速谷物育种提供了工具；然而，合适的表型分析方案对于确保分子育种的预期效益得以实现至关重要。为了充分发挥分子工具的潜力，需要更加重视减少实验现场内的变异性、应用胁迫以及对环境和适当的表型分析工具进行描述。产量是植物周期中许多过程的函数，因此，随着时间或组织水平（即冠层水平）的综合特性将为瞬时测量提供更好的替代方案，瞬时测量仅提供给定植物过程的快照。现在有许多新的基于遥感的表型分析工具，包括基于光谱反射率和红外观测的无损测量生长相关参数，以估计植物的水分状况。在这里，我们描述了玉米的关键田间表型分析方案，重点是耐旱性和低氮耐性。
