Niquille M, Burnand B, Yersin B
Département de médecine interne, CHUV, Lausanne.
Ther Umsch. 1990 Sep;47(9):717-23.
Alcoholism is a major public health problem in Switzerland as in most Western industrialized countries. The general practitioner should be a key person in screening for alcohol abuse and dependency. Yet, the general practitioner should provide information and counselling upon the consequences of excessive alcohol consumption. In a strategy of routine screening by general practitioners, asking the patient about the quantity and the frequency of alcohol consumption, clinical examination and laboratory testing are less effective than a standardized questionnaire. Examples of questionnaires include the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and the CAGE questionnaire. The rationale for systematic screening is that early pathological injuries due to excessive alcohol consumption are reversible. Yet, the prognosis seems to be more favourable where therapy begins early and the amount of psychosocial problems is limited. An early therapeutic intervention could be started as a multidisciplinary approach, targeting the patient and emphasizing the role of the patient's physician.
与大多数西方工业化国家一样，酗酒在瑞士也是一个重大的公共卫生问题。全科医生应是筛查酒精滥用和依赖的关键人物。然而，全科医生应就过度饮酒的后果提供信息和咨询。在全科医生进行常规筛查的策略中，询问患者饮酒的量和频率、临床检查和实验室检测，不如标准化问卷有效。问卷的例子包括密歇根酒精中毒筛查测试（MAST）和CAGE问卷。系统筛查的基本原理是，过度饮酒导致的早期病理损伤是可逆的。然而，如果治疗开始得早且心理社会问题的数量有限，预后似乎更有利。早期治疗干预可以作为一种多学科方法启动，以患者为目标并强调患者医生的作用。
