Reilly P, O'Doherty J V, Pierce K M, Callan J J, O'Sullivan J T, Sweeney T
1School of Agriculture, Food Science, and Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Lyons Research Farm, Newcastle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.
Animal. 2008 Oct;2(10):1465-73. doi: 10.1017/S1751731108002711.
An experiment (complete randomised design) was conducted to investigate the effects of Laminaria hyperborea and Laminaria digitata seaweed extract inclusion on gut morphology, selected intestinal microbiota populations, volatile fatty acid concentrations and the immune status of the weaned pig. Twenty-eight piglets (24 days of age, 6.5 ± 1.4 kg live weight) were assigned to one of four dietary treatments for 7 days and then sacrificed: (T1) basal diet (control); (T2) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. hyperborea seaweed extract; (T3) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg L. digitata seaweed extract; and (T4) basal diet and 1.5 g/kg of a combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract. The seaweed extract contained both laminarin and fucoidan. Digesta samples were taken from the caecum and colon to measure the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations and for volatile fatty acid analysis. Tissue samples were taken from the duodenum, jejunum and ileum for morphological examination. Blood samples were taken to determine the cytokine gene expression profile and to measure the phagocytotic capacity of the blood. Pigs offered diets containing L. hyperborea seaweed extract had less bifidobacteria in the colon (P < 0.05) and lactobacilli in the caecum (P < 0.05) and colon (P < 0.001). The inclusion of L. digitata seaweed extract resulted in lower populations of enterobacteria in the caecum and colon (P < 0.01), bifidobacteria in the caecum (P < 0.05), and lactobacilli in the caecum (P < 0.05) and colon (P < 0.001). Pigs offered the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extracts had less enterobacteria (P < 0.05) and lactobacilli (P < 0.01) in the caecum and colon. Pigs offered the L. digitata-supplemented diet had a reduced villous height in the duodenum and jejunum (P < 0.05). The inclusion of the L. digitata seaweed extract increased the molar proportion of butyric acid in the colon (P < 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the ammonia concentration in the colon with the inclusion of L. hyperborea (P < 0.01) and L. digitata (P < 0.05) seaweed extracts. An increase in the expression of the Interleukin-8 mRNA was observed on day 6 with the supplementation of the combination of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract (P < 0.05). The inclusion of L. hyperborea seaweed extract resulted in an increase in total monocyte number (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of L. hyperborea and L. digitata seaweed extract alone and in combination reduced the enterobacteria, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli populations in the caecum and colon, while only marginal effects on the immune response was observed.
进行了一项实验（完全随机设计），以研究添加掌状海带和指状海带海藻提取物对断奶仔猪肠道形态、特定肠道微生物种群、挥发性脂肪酸浓度及免疫状态的影响。28头仔猪（24日龄，体重6.5±1.4千克）被分配到四种日粮处理之一，为期7天，然后宰杀：（T1）基础日粮（对照）；（T2）基础日粮加1.5克/千克掌状海带海藻提取物；（T3）基础日粮加1.5克/千克指状海带海藻提取物；（T4）基础日粮加1.5克/千克掌状海带和指状海带海藻提取物的组合。海藻提取物中同时含有海带多糖和岩藻依聚糖。从盲肠和结肠采集消化物样本，以测量肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量，并进行挥发性脂肪酸分析。从十二指肠、空肠和回肠采集组织样本进行形态学检查。采集血液样本以确定细胞因子基因表达谱并测量血液的吞噬能力。采食含掌状海带海藻提取物日粮的仔猪结肠中的双歧杆菌数量较少（P<0.05），盲肠（P<0.05）和结肠（P<0.001）中的乳酸杆菌数量较少。添加指状海带海藻提取物导致盲肠和结肠中的肠杆菌数量减少（P<0.01），盲肠中的双歧杆菌数量减少（P<0.05），盲肠（P<0.05）和结肠（P<0.001）中的乳酸杆菌数量减少。采食掌状海带和指状海带海藻提取物组合的仔猪盲肠和结肠中的肠杆菌（P<0.05）和乳酸杆菌（P<0.01）数量较少。采食添加指状海带日粮的仔猪十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度降低（P<0.05）。添加指状海带海藻提取物增加了结肠中丁酸的摩尔比例（P<0.05）。添加掌状海带（P<0.01）和指状海带（P<0.05）海藻提取物后，结肠中的氨浓度显著降低。在第6天，添加掌状海带和指状海带海藻提取物组合后，白细胞介素-8 mRNA的表达增加（P<0.05）。添加掌状海带海藻提取物导致总单核细胞数量增加（P<0.05）。总之，单独或组合添加掌状海带和指状海带海藻提取物可减少盲肠和结肠中的肠杆菌、双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量，而对免疫反应仅观察到边际效应。
