Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Rua Artur Ramos, 96 - 5A, 01454-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Med Clin North Am. 2012 Mar;96(2):351-68. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2012.01.010.
The main causes of simple diffuse goiter (SDG) and multinodular goiter (MNG) are iodine deficiency, increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, natural goitrogens, smoking, chronic malnutrition, and lack of selenium, iron, and zinc. Increasing evidence suggests that heredity is equally important. Treatment of SDG and MNG still focuses on L-thyroxine-suppressive therapy surgery. Radioiodine alone or preceded by recombinant human TSH stimulation is widely used in Europe and other countries. Each of these therapeutic options has advantages and disadvantages, with acute and long-term side effects.
单纯性弥漫性甲状腺肿（SDG）和多结节性甲状腺肿（MNG）的主要病因是碘缺乏、血清促甲状腺激素（TSH）水平升高、天然甲状腺肿物质、吸烟、慢性营养不良以及硒、铁和锌缺乏。越来越多的证据表明，遗传同样重要。SDG 和 MNG 的治疗仍然侧重于左甲状腺素抑制治疗手术。单独使用放射性碘或重组人 TSH 刺激后使用放射性碘在欧洲和其他国家被广泛应用。这些治疗选择各有优缺点，并伴有急性和长期的副作用。
