西班牙市政供水和瓶装水中的硝酸盐及微量元素。
Nitrate and trace elements in municipal and bottled water in Spain.
作者信息
Espejo-Herrera Nadia, Kogevinas Manolis, Castaño-Vinyals Gemma, Aragonés Nuria, Boldo Elena, Ardanaz Eva, Azpiroz Lourdes, Ulibarrena Enrique, Tardón Adonina, Molina Antonio J, López-Rojo Concepción, Jiménez-Moleón José J, Capelo Rocío, Gómez-Acebo Inés, Ripoll Mónica, Villanueva Cristina M
机构信息
Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain.
出版信息
Gac Sanit. 2013 Mar-Apr;27(2):156-60. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2012.02.002. Epub 2012 Mar 23.
OBJECTIVES
To describe levels of nitrate and trace elements in drinking water from the study areas of a multicase-control study of cancer in Spain (MCC-Spain).
METHODS
A total of 227 tap water samples were randomly collected from 67 municipalities in 11 provinces and the nine most frequently consumed bottled water brands were sampled to measure levels of nitrate, arsenic, nickel, chromium, cadmium, lead, selenium and zinc.
RESULTS
The median nitrate level was 4.2mg/l (range<1-29.0), with similar levels in rural and urban municipalities (p=0.86). Trace elements were unquantifiable in 94% of tap water samples. Differences between areas were significant for nitrate (p<0.001) and arsenic (p=0.03). Only nitrate was quantifiable in bottled water (range 2.3-15.6mg/l).
CONCLUSIONS
Nitrate levels in municipal water differed between regions and were below the regulatory limit in all samples, including bottled water. Trace element levels were low and mainly unquantifiable in tap and bottled water.
目的
描述西班牙癌症多病例对照研究（MCC - 西班牙）研究区域饮用水中的硝酸盐和微量元素水平。
方法
从11个省份的67个城市随机采集了227份自来水样本，并对9个最常消费的瓶装水品牌进行采样，以测量硝酸盐、砷、镍、铬、镉、铅、硒和锌的水平。
结果
硝酸盐中位数水平为4.2mg/l（范围<1 - 29.0），农村和城市地区水平相似（p = 0.86）。94%的自来水样本中微量元素无法量化。各地区之间硝酸盐（p<0.001）和砷（p = 0.03）存在显著差异。瓶装水中只有硝酸盐可量化（范围2.3 - 15.6mg/l）。
结论
城市供水的硝酸盐水平因地区而异，且在所有样本（包括瓶装水）中均低于监管限值。自来水和瓶装水中微量元素水平较低，且大多无法量化。
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