Reid M Carrington, Shengelia Rouzi, Parker Samantha J
New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York City, USA.
Orthop Nurs. 2012 Mar-Apr;31(2):109-14. doi: 10.1097/NOR.0b013e31824fce26.
Because pain is a common and debilitating symptom of osteoarthritis in older adults, the authors reviewed data on the efficacy and safety of commonly used oral, topical, and intraarticular drug therapies in this population. A search of several databases found that most studies have focused on knee osteoarthritis and reported only short-term outcomes. Also, treatment efficacy was found to vary by drug class; the smallest effect was observed with acetaminophen and the largest with opioids and viscosupplements.Acetaminophen and topical agents had the best safety profiles, whereas oral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and opioids had the worst. Little data were available on patients ages 75 years old and older and on patients from diverse racial and ethnic groups. Most drug therapies gave mild-to-moderate pain relief; their long-term safety and efficacy and their effects in diverse populations (particularly older adults) remain undetermined.
由于疼痛是老年人骨关节炎常见且使人虚弱的症状，作者回顾了该人群常用口服、外用和关节内药物治疗的疗效和安全性数据。对多个数据库的检索发现，大多数研究聚焦于膝骨关节炎，且仅报告了短期结果。此外，发现治疗效果因药物类别而异；对乙酰氨基酚的效果最小，阿片类药物和关节腔注射透明质酸钠的效果最大。对乙酰氨基酚和外用药物的安全性最佳，而口服非甾体抗炎药和阿片类药物的安全性最差。关于75岁及以上患者以及不同种族和族裔患者的数据很少。大多数药物治疗可缓解轻至中度疼痛；其长期安全性和疗效以及在不同人群（尤其是老年人）中的效果仍未确定。
