[洛阳市不同功能区街道灰尘中的重金属污染及其潜在生态风险]
[Heavy metal pollution in street dusts from different functional zones of Luoyang City and its potential ecological risk].
作者信息
Liu De-Hong, Wang Fa-Yuan, Zhou Wen-Li, Yang Yu-Jian
机构信息
Agricultural College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
出版信息
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2012 Jan;33(1):253-9.
The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd) in street dusts were investigated in six different functional zones of Luoyang City, i.e., urban-rural continuum, urban artery, industrial district, urban green space, residential district, and business district. The pollution levels and potential ecological risk of heavy metals were assessed by the methods of potential ecological risk index suggested by Håkanson. The results showed that heavy metal concentrations in street dusts from different functional zones of Luoyang City were all higher than soil background values in Henan, with average concentrations of Zn (1019.75 mg x kg(-1)) > Cr (401.63 mg x kg(-1)) > Cu (240.94 mg x kg(-1)) > Pb (176.04 mg x kg(-1)) > Cd (2.33 mg x kg(-1)). Cd was the most seriously polluted metal in all functional zones, and the average pollution index (Cf(i)) reached 35.84, following by Zn (16.32) > Cu (12.05) > Pb (7.90) > Cr (6.36). Heavy metal concentrations and pollution levels varied greatly in different functional zones, and industrial zone had the highest total contents and the heaviest pollution. The integrated potential ecological risk index (RI) in different functional zones all reached very strong levels, with an order of industrial district (1709.51) > urban green space (1581.50) > business district (1 297.45) > residential district (1 111.25) > urban artery (889.97) > urban-rural continuum (641.39). Among the surveyed heavy metals, Cd accounted for the major potential ecological risk, and the average potential ecological risk index (Er(i)) reached 1075.16 (extremely strong risk level) in all six functional zones. The average Er(i) of Cu and Pb reached 60.23 and 40.77 respectively, belonging to moderate risk level, while Zn (16.32) and Cr (12.71) only reached slight risk level. A reduction in industrial and traffic pollution might be the key measure to decrease the heavy metal pollution and potential risk in street dusts.
对洛阳市六个不同功能区，即城乡结合部、城市主干道、工业区、城市绿地、居民区和商业区的街道灰尘中的重金属（铜、锌、铅、铬、镉）浓度进行了调查。采用哈坎森提出的潜在生态风险指数方法评估了重金属的污染水平和潜在生态风险。结果表明，洛阳市不同功能区街道灰尘中的重金属浓度均高于河南土壤背景值，平均浓度顺序为锌（1019.75毫克·千克⁻¹）＞铬（401.63毫克·千克⁻¹）＞铜（240.94毫克·千克⁻¹）＞铅（176.04毫克·千克⁻¹）＞镉（2.33毫克·千克⁻¹）。镉是所有功能区污染最严重的金属，平均污染指数（Cf(i)）达到35.84，其次是锌（16.32）＞铜（12.05）＞铅（7.90）＞铬（6.36）。不同功能区的重金属浓度和污染水平差异很大，工业区的总含量最高，污染最严重。不同功能区的综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）均达到很强水平，顺序为工业区（1709.51）＞城市绿地（1581.50）＞商业区（1297.45）＞居民区（1111.25）＞城市主干道（889.97）＞城乡结合部（641.39）。在所调查的重金属中，镉占主要潜在生态风险，六个功能区的平均潜在生态风险指数（Er(i)）达到1075.16（极强风险水平）。铜和铅的平均Er(i)分别达到60.23和40.77，属于中等风险水平，而锌（16.32）和铬（12.71）仅达到轻微风险水平。减少工业和交通污染可能是降低街道灰尘中重金属污染和潜在风险的关键措施。
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