Bahuchet Serge
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Unité de recherche éco-anthropologie et ethnobiologie (UMR 7206 MNHN-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot) CP 135, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75,005 Paris, France.
Hum Biol. 2012 Feb;84(1):11-43. doi: 10.3378/027.084.0101.
In this article I am illustrating the linguistic diversity of African Pygmy populations in order to better address their anthropological diversity and history. I am also introducing a new method, based on the analysis of specialized vocabulary, to reconstruct the substratum of some languages they speak. I show that Pygmy identity is not based on their languages, which have often been borrowed from neighboring non-Pygmy farmer communities with whom each Pygmy group is linked. Understanding the nature of this partnership, quite variable in history, is essential to addressing Pygmy languages, identity, and history. Finally, I show that only a multidisciplinary approach is likely to push forward the understanding of African Pygmy societies as genetic, archeological, anthropological, and ethnological evidence suggest.
在本文中，我阐述了非洲俾格米人群体的语言多样性，以便更好地探讨他们的人类学多样性和历史。我还介绍了一种基于专业词汇分析的新方法，用于重构他们所讲某些语言的底层结构。我指出，俾格米人的身份认同并非基于他们的语言，这些语言往往是从与之有联系的邻近非俾格米农民社区借用而来的。了解这种在历史上变化很大的伙伴关系的本质，对于研究俾格米人的语言、身份认同和历史至关重要。最后，我表明，正如遗传学、考古学、人类学和民族学证据所显示的那样，只有采用多学科方法才有可能推动对非洲俾格米社会的理解。
