Zoology and Anthropology Sub-Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology Department of Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
Ann Hum Biol. 2021 Mar;48(2):119-132. doi: 10.1080/03014460.2021.1909136. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
African Pygmy Populations (APP) are believed to be one of the first groups of the Congo Basin rainforest peoples to separate from the rest of modern humanity. The arrival of Bantu speaking agriculturalists from 5,000 BP led to the formation of a large number of ethnic complexes in Central Africa and the Atlantic coastal area, mainly due to a one-way flow of pygmy women. There are now only a few small contingents of African Pygmy population groups who are mixed or who have almost disappeared as a result of migratory flows from Cameroon.
We analysed the adult phenotypic diversity of 9 populations (17 groups of both sexes) of the Congo basin and Bioko Island, which were anthropometrically characterised in 1948. The phenotypic clusters that we detected, which we interpret as likely mixing of local Pygmy populations and Bantus, may be useful as references for future studies, particularly genetics.
The matrix of inter-distances between populations was generated, using the 21 variables, with the Euclidean distance between the mean vectors relating to the standardised variables. When the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean) was used separately in men and women, the phylogenetic trees showed a clear separation between populations.
The body measurements that most effectively distinguished the groups are linear dimensions and the width of the hips and mean thoracic circumference. In this study, the cephalo-facial dimensions were of little value in identifying the groups.
The samples of Equatorial Guinea show a major inter-group overlap, and considerable intra-group variations. There are also notable differences amongst African Pygmy populations in terms of height, but not in body proportions.
非洲俾格米人（APP）被认为是最早从现代人类中分离出来的刚果雨林人群之一。大约在 5000 年前，来自班图语系的农业人口的到来导致中非和大西洋沿海地区形成了大量的族群复合体，主要是由于女性的单向流动。现在，只有少数几个非洲俾格米人群体的小分支由于来自喀麦隆的移民流动而混合在一起，或者几乎消失了。
我们分析了刚果盆地和比奥科岛的 9 个群体（男女各 17 个群体）的成年表型多样性，这些群体在 1948 年进行了人体测量学特征描述。我们检测到的表型聚类，我们认为可能是当地俾格米人和班图人的混合，可能作为未来研究，特别是遗传学研究的参考。
使用 21 个变量生成群体间的距离矩阵，使用标准化变量的平均向量之间的欧几里得距离。当 UPGMA（加权对群平均法）分别用于男性和女性时，系统发育树清楚地显示了群体之间的分离。
最有效地区分群体的身体测量是线性尺寸和臀部宽度以及平均胸围。在本研究中，头面部尺寸在识别群体方面价值不大。
赤道几内亚的样本显示出主要的组间重叠，以及相当大的组内变异。非洲俾格米人群体的身高也有显著差异，但身体比例没有差异。
