Department of Biology, William Paterson University, 300 Pompton Road, Wayne, NJ 07470, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;740:859-72. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-2888-2_38.
Calcium (Ca(2+)) is a crucial intracellular messenger in physiological aspects of cell signaling. Adrenal chromaffin cells are the secretory cells from the adrenal gland medulla that secrete catecholamines, which include epinephrine and norepinephrine important in the 'fight or flight' response. Bovine adrenal chromaffin cells have long been used as an important model for secretion -(exocytosis) not only due to their importance in the short-term stress response, but also as a neuroendocrine model of neurotransmtter release, as they have all the same exocytotic proteins as neurons but are easier to prepare, culture and use in functional assays. The components of the Ca(2+) signal transduction cascade and it role in secretion has been extensively characterized in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. The Ca(2+) sources, signaling molecules and how this relates to the short-term stress response are reviewed in this book chapter in an endeavor to generally -overview these mechanisms in a concise and uncomplicated manner.
钙（Ca(2+)) 是细胞信号转导生理方面的重要细胞内信使。肾上腺嗜铬细胞是肾上腺髓质的分泌细胞，分泌儿茶酚胺，包括在“战斗或逃跑”反应中重要的肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素。牛肾上腺嗜铬细胞长期以来一直被用作分泌（胞吐作用）的重要模型，不仅因为它们在短期应激反应中的重要性，还因为它们是神经递质释放的神经内分泌模型，因为它们具有与神经元相同的胞吐蛋白，但更容易准备、培养和用于功能测定。在这本书的一章中，广泛研究了 Ca(2+)信号转导级联的组成及其在分泌中的作用。综述了 Ca(2+) 来源、信号分子以及它们与短期应激反应的关系，旨在简明扼要地概述这些机制。
