García Franger J, Delgado-Jaramillo Mariana, Machado Marjorie, Aular Luis
Departamento de Biología, Facultad Experimental de Ciencias y Tecnología (FACYT), Universidad de Carabobo.
Rev Biol Trop. 2012 Mar;60(1):459-72. doi: 10.15517/rbt.v60i1.2781.
In Venezuela, mammals represent an important group of wildlife with high anthropogenic pressures that threaten their permanence. Focused on the need to generate baseline information that allows us to contribute to document and conserve the richness of local wildlife, we conducted a mammalogical inventory in Yurubí National Park, located in Yaracuy State in Venezuela. We carried out fieldworks in three selected vegetation types: an evergreen forest at 197m, a semi-deciduous forest ranging between 100-230m, and a cloud forest at 1 446m. We used Victor, Sherman, Havahart and pitfall traps for the capture of small non-volant mammals and mist nets for bats. In addition, we carried out interviews with local residents and direct-indirect observations for medium-large sized mammals. At least 79 species inhabit the area, representing 28% of the species recorded for the North side of the country. Chiroptera (39 spp.), Carnivora (13 spp.) and Rodentia (9 spp.) were the orders with the highest richness, as expected for the Neotropics. The evergreen forest had the greatest species richness (n=68), with a sampling effort of 128 net-hours, 32 bucket-days, 16 hours of observations, and three persons interviewed, followed by cloud forest (n=45) with 324 net-hours, 790 traps-night, 77 bucket-days, 10 hours of observations, and one person interviewed. The lowest richness value was in the semi-deciduous forest (n=41), with 591 traps-night, 15 net-hours, 10 hours of observations and three persons interviewed. Data and observations obtained in this inventory (e.g., endemism, species known as "surrogate species" threatened in Venezuela) give an important role at the Yurubí National Park in the maintenance and conservation of local ecosystems and wildlife, threatened by human pressures in the Cordillera de la Costa.
在委内瑞拉，哺乳动物是受人类活动压力威胁其生存的重要野生动物群体。鉴于需要生成基线信息，以便为记录和保护当地野生动物的丰富性做出贡献，我们在委内瑞拉亚拉奎州的尤鲁比国家公园开展了一项哺乳动物调查。我们在三种选定的植被类型中进行了实地考察：海拔197米的常绿森林、海拔100 - 230米的半落叶森林以及海拔1446米的云雾森林。我们使用维克多陷阱、谢尔曼陷阱、哈瓦哈特陷阱和陷坑陷阱来捕获小型非飞行哺乳动物，并用捕雾网来捕获蝙蝠。此外，我们还对当地居民进行了访谈，并对中大型哺乳动物进行了直接和间接观察。该地区至少栖息着79个物种，占该国北部记录物种的28%。正如新热带地区所预期的那样，翼手目（39种）、食肉目（13种）和啮齿目（9种）是物种丰富度最高的目。常绿森林的物种丰富度最高（n = 68），采样工作量为128网小时、32桶日、16小时观察以及访谈3人，其次是云雾森林（n = 45），有324网小时、790陷阱夜、77桶日、10小时观察以及访谈1人。半落叶森林的物种丰富度最低（n = 41），有591陷阱夜、15网小时、10小时观察以及访谈3人。本次调查获得的数据和观察结果（例如，特有性、在委内瑞拉被称为“替代物种”且受到威胁的物种）表明，尤鲁比国家公园在维护和保护受科斯塔山脉人类压力威胁的当地生态系统和野生动物方面发挥着重要作用。
