Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104-5129, USA.
Circ Res. 2012 Mar 30;110(7):1023-34. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.243899.
Emerging data in the field of cardiac development as well as repair and regeneration indicate a complex and important interplay between endocardial, epicardial, and myofibroblast populations that is critical for cardiomyocyte differentiation and postnatal function. For example, epicardial cells have been shown to generate cardiac myofibroblasts and may be one of the primary sources for this cell lineage during development. Moreover, paracrine signaling from the epicardium and endocardium is critical for proper development of the heart and pathways such as Wnt, fibroblast growth factor, and retinoic acid signaling have been shown to be key players in this process. Despite this progress, interactions between nonmyocyte cells and cardiomyocytes in the heart are still poorly understood. We review the various nonmyocyte-myocyte interactions that occur in the heart and how these interactions, primarily through signaling networks, help direct cardiomyocyte differentiation and regulate postnatal cardiac function.
心脏发育、修复和再生领域的新数据表明，心内膜、心外膜和心肌成纤维细胞群体之间存在复杂而重要的相互作用，这对于心肌细胞分化和出生后功能至关重要。例如，已表明心外膜细胞可产生心肌成纤维细胞，并且在发育过程中可能是该细胞谱系的主要来源之一。此外，心外膜和心内膜的旁分泌信号对于心脏的正常发育至关重要，并且已经表明 Wnt、成纤维细胞生长因子和视黄酸信号通路是该过程中的关键因素。尽管取得了这些进展，但心脏中非心肌细胞与心肌细胞之间的相互作用仍知之甚少。我们综述了心脏中发生的各种非心肌细胞-心肌细胞相互作用，以及这些相互作用（主要通过信号网络）如何帮助指导心肌细胞分化并调节出生后心脏功能。
