Skubisz Monika M, Tong Stephen
Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, 3084 VIC, Australia.
ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:637094. doi: 10.5402/2012/637094. Epub 2012 Feb 19.
Methotrexate was developed in 1949 as a synthetic folic acid analogue to compete with folic acid and thus interfere with cell replication. While initially developed as a potential treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, a serendipitous observation led to methotrexate's use to effect the dramatic cure of a case of advanced choriocarcinoma. This prompted the exploration for the potential of methotrexate to treat other conditions involving disordered trophoblastic tissue. Methotrexate has subsequently revolutionized the treatment of two pregnancy-related conditions-gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and ectopic pregnancy. This article reviews the development of modern treatment protocols that use methotrexate to medically treat these two important gynaecological conditions.
甲氨蝶呤于1949年被开发出来,作为一种合成叶酸类似物,与叶酸竞争,从而干扰细胞复制。虽然最初是作为急性淋巴细胞白血病的潜在治疗方法开发的,但一次意外的观察导致甲氨蝶呤被用于成功治愈一例晚期绒毛膜癌。这促使人们探索甲氨蝶呤治疗其他涉及滋养层组织紊乱疾病的潜力。随后,甲氨蝶呤彻底改变了两种与妊娠相关疾病——妊娠滋养细胞肿瘤和异位妊娠的治疗方法。本文回顾了使用甲氨蝶呤药物治疗这两种重要妇科疾病的现代治疗方案的发展历程。