Janković Janko, Simić Snežana
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2012 Jan-Feb;140(1-2):77-83. doi: 10.2298/sarh1202077j.
Inequalities in health are evident in the whole world and present an important and consistent public health issue. The highest contribution to the inequality in heath is attributable to the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of health.
The aim of this study was to analyse the association between the demographic (gender, age, marital status and type of settlement) and socioeconomic determinants of health (education and Wealth Index), and self-perceived health.
In the study the data from 2006 National Health Survey of the population of Serbia were used. The interview involved 14,522 adults aged >20 years. The association between the demographic and socioeconomic determinants of health as independent variables, and self-perceived health as dependent variable were examined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The minimum level of significance was p < 0.05.
According to our study, the elderly and females significantly more often perceived their health as poor. Respondents living in rural settings were less likely to perceive their health as poor compared to those living in urban settings (odds ratio was 0.82 in males and 0.75 in females). Males with low education were three times more likely to perceive their health as poor (odds ratio was 3.46) in relation to males with high education. This association was more pronounced in females (odds ratio was 5.37). The same pattern was observed for Wealth Index.
This study showed that demographic and socioeconomic inequalities in self-perceived health are present in Serbia. Comprehensive public health policies and interventions for reducing these inequalities are urgently needed with the primarily focus on the most disadvantaged socioeconomic groups.
健康不平等在全球范围内都很明显，是一个重要且持续存在的公共卫生问题。健康不平等的最大成因可归因于健康的人口统计学和社会经济决定因素。
本研究旨在分析健康的人口统计学因素（性别、年龄、婚姻状况和居住类型）与社会经济决定因素（教育程度和财富指数）以及自我感知健康之间的关联。
本研究使用了2006年塞尔维亚全国人口健康调查的数据。访谈涉及14522名年龄超过20岁的成年人。以健康的人口统计学和社会经济决定因素作为自变量，自我感知健康作为因变量，通过双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来检验它们之间的关联。显著性的最低水平为p < 0.05。
根据我们的研究，老年人和女性明显更常认为自己的健康状况不佳。与居住在城市地区的人相比，居住在农村地区的受访者认为自己健康状况不佳的可能性较小（男性的优势比为0.82，女性为0.75）。低教育程度的男性认为自己健康状况不佳的可能性是高教育程度男性的三倍（优势比为3.46）。这种关联在女性中更为明显（优势比为5.37）。财富指数也呈现出相同的模式。
本研究表明，塞尔维亚存在自我感知健康方面的人口统计学和社会经济不平等。迫切需要制定全面的公共卫生政策和干预措施来减少这些不平等，主要关注最弱势的社会经济群体。
