Brown Peter I, McConnell Alison K
Department of Sport and Exercise, Derby University, UK.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012 Apr;83(4):424-30. doi: 10.3357/asem.3163.2012.
Respiratory muscle work limits high-intensity exercise tolerance in healthy human beings. Emerging evidence suggests similar limitations exist during submaximal work in some physically demanding occupations. In an occupational setting, heavy loads are routinely carried upon the trunk in the form of body armor, backpacks, and/or compressed air cylinders by military, emergency service, and mountain rescue personnel. This personal and respiratory protective equipment impairs respiratory muscle function and increases respiratory muscle work. More specifically, thoracic load carriage induces a restrictive ventilatory limitation which increases the elastic work of breathing, rendering the respiratory muscles vulnerable to fatigue and inducing a concomitant reduction in exercise tolerance. Similarly, breathing apparatus worn by occupational personnel, including fire fighters and military and commercial divers, increases the inspiratory elastic and expiratory resistive work of breathing, precipitating significant inspiratory and expiratory muscle fatigue and a reduction in exercise tolerance. An argument is presented that the unique respiratory challenges encountered in some occupational settings require further research, since these may affect the operational effectiveness and the health and safety of personnel working in physically demanding occupations.
呼吸肌工作限制了健康人的高强度运动耐力。新出现的证据表明，在一些体力要求较高的职业中，次最大负荷工作期间也存在类似的限制。在职业环境中，军事人员、应急服务人员和山地救援人员通常会以防弹衣、背包和/或压缩空气瓶的形式将重物扛在躯干上。这种个人防护和呼吸防护装备会损害呼吸肌功能并增加呼吸肌工作。更具体地说，胸部负重会导致限制性通气限制，从而增加呼吸的弹性功，使呼吸肌容易疲劳，并导致运动耐力随之下降。同样，职业人员佩戴的呼吸设备，包括消防员、军事潜水员和商业潜水员，会增加吸气弹性功和呼气阻力功，导致明显的吸气和呼气肌疲劳以及运动耐力下降。有人认为，一些职业环境中遇到的独特呼吸挑战需要进一步研究，因为这些可能会影响从事体力要求较高职业的人员的作战效能以及健康和安全。
