Salvio C, Lopez A N, Manetti P L, Clemente N L
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University Mar del Plata, Experimental Station of the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA). C.C. 276 (7620) Balcarce, Argentina.
J Environ Biol. 2011 Nov;32(6):793-9.
Studies were done to see the effects of five toxic baits based on metaldehyde and/or carbaryl on the taxonomic composition of soil meso and macrofauna, and determined the density of beneficial organisms in soybean under no tillage. Six treatments were tested and soil monoliths were taken before application and at 45 and 75 days after application (DAA). Before application, 1601 individuals were recorded, belonging 1086 to mesofauna and 515 to macrofauna. In soil mesofauna such as Annelida: Enchytraeidae (44%), Nematoda (33%) and Arthropoda (23%) were found. In the macrofauna Arthropoda 93% and Annelida: Oligochaeta, Megadrilli 7% were observed. No differences were observed among the treatments (p>0.05) in the total mesofauna density, at 45 and 75 DAA. The density of enchytraeids, mites, collembolans and symphylids showed no differences at45 and 75 DAA (p > 0.05). The total macrofauna density showed differences (p < 0.05) at 45 and 75 DAA. The highest density was obtained with 4 kg ha(-1) MataBibos Acay at 45 and 75 DAA. Earthworm and diplopod densities at45 and 75 DAA showed no differences (p>0.05). The diversity of meso and macrofauna was not affected at 45 and 75 DAA. Bait application did not affect either the abundance or the diversity of soil beneficial invertebrates.
开展了多项研究，以观察五种基于聚乙醛和/或西维因的有毒诱饵对土壤中型和大型土壤动物分类组成的影响，并测定免耕条件下大豆田中有益生物的密度。试验设置了六个处理组，并在施药前、施药后45天和75天采集土壤整块样本。施药前，记录到1601个个体，其中中型土壤动物1086个，大型土壤动物515个。在土壤中型土壤动物中，发现了环节动物门：线蚓科（44%）、线虫纲（33%）和节肢动物门（23%）。在大型土壤动物中，节肢动物门占93%，环节动物门：寡毛纲、巨蚓科占7%。在施药后45天和75天，各处理组的中型土壤动物总密度没有差异（p>0.05）。在施药后45天和75天，线蚓、螨、弹尾虫和综合纲动物的密度没有差异（p>0.05）。施药后45天和75天，大型土壤动物总密度存在差异（p<0.05）。在施药后45天和75天，使用4 kg ha(-1)的MataBibos Acay时密度最高。在施药后45天和75天，蚯蚓和倍足纲动物的密度没有差异（p>0.05）。在施药后45天和75天，中型和大型土壤动物的多样性没有受到影响。诱饵的施用对土壤有益无脊椎动物的丰度和多样性均没有影响。
