Dep. of Soil Science, University of São Paulo, Pádua Dias Str, 11, 13416-900 Piracicaba, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília DF 70040-020, Brazil.
CFE, Dep. of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Sep 1;526:222-32. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.150. Epub 2015 Apr 28.
The impact of sugarcane vinasse on soil invertebrates was assessed through ecotoxicological assays. Increasing concentrations of two vinasses from different distillery plants (VA and VB), and a vinasse from a laboratory production (VC), were amended on two natural tropical Oxisols (LV and LVA) and a tropical artificial soil (TAS) to characterize the effects of the vinasses on earthworms (Eisenia andrei), enchytraeids (Enchytraeus crypticus), mites (Hypoaspis aculeifer) and collembolans (Folsomia candida). The highest concentrations of VA and VB were avoided by earthworms in all soils and by collembolans especially in the natural soils. The presence of VC in all of the tested soils did not cause avoidance behavior in these species. The reproduction of earthworms, enchytraeids and collembolans was decreased in the highest concentrations of VA and VB in the natural soils. In TAS, VB reduced the reproduction of all test species, whereas VA was toxic exclusively to E. andrei and E. crypticus. The vinasse VC only reduced the number of earthworms in TAS and enchytraeids in LVA. The reproduction of mites was reduced by VB in TAS. Vinasses from distillery plants were more toxic than the vinasse produced in laboratory. The vinasse toxicities were influenced by soil type, although this result was most likely because of the way the organisms are exposed to the contaminants in the soils. Toxicity was attributed to the vinasses' high salt content and especially the high potassium concentrations. Data obtained in this study highlights the potential risk of vinasse disposal on tropical soils to soil biota. The toxic values estimated are even more relevant when considering the usual continuous use of vinasses in crop productions.
采用生态毒理学方法评估了甘蔗废酒糟对土壤无脊椎动物的影响。将来自两个不同酿酒厂（VA 和 VB）的两种废酒糟以及一个实验室生产的废酒糟（VC），以不同浓度添加到两种天然热带氧化土（LV 和 LVA）和一种热带人工土壤（TAS）中，以表征废酒糟对蚯蚓（Eisenia andrei）、线蚓（Enchytraeus crypticus）、螨（Hypoaspis aculeifer）和弹尾目（Folsomia candida）的影响。在所有土壤中，高浓度的 VA 和 VB 都会被蚯蚓回避，在天然土壤中，高浓度的 VA 和 VB 还会被弹尾目回避。在所有测试的土壤中，VC 的存在都不会引起这些物种的回避行为。在天然土壤中，VA 和 VB 的高浓度会降低蚯蚓、线蚓和弹尾目的繁殖能力。在 TAS 中，VB 降低了所有测试物种的繁殖能力，而 VA 仅对 E. andrei 和 E. crypticus 有毒。VC 废酒糟仅降低了 TAS 中的蚯蚓数量和 LVA 中的线蚓数量。VB 降低了 TAS 中线虫的数量。酿酒厂的废酒糟比实验室生产的废酒糟毒性更大。废酒糟的毒性受土壤类型的影响，尽管这一结果很可能是因为土壤中生物暴露于污染物的方式不同。毒性归因于废酒糟的高盐含量，尤其是高钾浓度。本研究获得的数据突出了在热带土壤中处理废酒糟对土壤生物群的潜在风险。考虑到通常在作物生产中连续使用废酒糟，估计的毒性值就更有意义。
