Obu Herbert A, Chinawa Josephat M, Uleanya Nwachinemere D, Adimora Gilbert N, Obi Ikechukwu E
Department of Paediatrics, University of Nigeria/Teaching Hospital, PO Box 14587, Agbani Road PO, Enugu 400001, Nigeria.
BMC Res Notes. 2012 Jul 10;5:177. doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-5-177.
Congenital abnormalities are not uncommon among newborns and contribute to neonatal and infant morbidity and mortality. The prevalence and pattern of presentation vary from place to place. Many a time the exact etiology is unknown but genetic and environmental factors tend to be implicated.
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of congenital malformations among newborns admitted in a tertiary hospital in Enugu, the nature of these abnormalities and the outcome/prognosis. For purposes of this study, congenital abnormalities are defined as obvious abnormality of structure or form which is present at birth or noticed within a few days after birth. A cross-sectional retrospective study in which a review of the records of all babies admitted in the Newborn Special Care Unit (NBSCU) of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku/Ozalla, Enugu over a four year period (January 2007-April 2011) was undertaken.All babies admitted in the unit with the diagnosis of congenital abnormality were included in the study. Information extracted from the records included characteristics of the baby, maternal characteristics, nature/type of abnormalities and outcome.Data obtained was analyzed using SPSS 13. Rates and proportions were calculated with 95% confidence interval. The proportions were compared using students T-test. Level of significance was set at P < 0.05
Seventeen (17) out of a total of six hundred and seven newborn babies admitted in the newborn unit of UNTH over the study period (Jan 2007-March 2011) were found to have congenital abnormalities of various types, giving a prevalence of 2.8%. Common abnormalities seen in these babies were mainly surgical birth defects and included cleft lip/cleft palate, neural tube defects (occurring either singly or in combination with other abnormalities), limb abnormalities (often in combination with neural tube defects of various types), omphalocoele, umbilical herniae, ano-rectal malformations and dysmorphism associated with multiple congenital abnormalities.
The results of this study show that 2.8% of babies admitted to a Newborn Special Care Unit in a teaching hospital in Enugu had congenital abnormalities and that the commonest forms seen were mainly surgical birth defects and includes cleft lip/cleft palate and neural tube defects.
先天性异常在新生儿中并不罕见，是新生儿及婴儿发病和死亡的原因之一。其患病率及表现形式因地区而异。很多时候确切病因不明，但往往涉及遗传和环境因素。
本研究旨在确定在埃努古一家三级医院收治的新生儿中先天性畸形的患病率、这些异常的性质以及结局/预后情况。在本研究中，先天性异常定义为出生时即存在或出生后几天内被发现的明显结构或形态异常。开展了一项横断面回顾性研究，对尼日利亚大学教学医院（位于埃努古伊图库/奥扎拉）新生儿特别护理病房（NBSCU）在四年期间（2007年1月至2011年4月）收治的所有婴儿的记录进行了回顾。该病房收治的所有诊断为先天性异常的婴儿均纳入研究。从记录中提取的信息包括婴儿特征、母亲特征、异常的性质/类型及结局。使用SPSS 13对获得的数据进行分析。计算发病率和比例，并给出95%置信区间。使用学生t检验比较比例。显著性水平设定为P < 0.05。
在研究期间（2007年1月至2011年3月），尼日利亚大学教学医院新生儿病房收治的607名新生儿中，有17名被发现患有各种类型的先天性异常，患病率为2.8%。这些婴儿中常见的异常主要是外科出生缺陷，包括唇裂/腭裂、神经管缺陷（单独出现或与其他异常合并出现）、肢体异常（常与各种类型的神经管缺陷合并出现）、脐膨出、脐疝、肛门直肠畸形以及与多种先天性异常相关的畸形。
本研究结果表明，在埃努古一家教学医院的新生儿特别护理病房收治的婴儿中，2.8%患有先天性异常，最常见的类型主要是外科出生缺陷，包括唇裂/腭裂和神经管缺陷。
