Centre for Cell Biology and Deptartment of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Histol Histopathol. 2012 Jun;27(6):661-76. doi: 10.14670/HH-27.661.
Peroxisomes are remarkably dynamic and versatile organelles that are essential for human health and development. They respond to physiological changes in the cellular environment by adapting their morphology, number, enzyme content and metabolic functions accordingly. With the discovery of the first key peroxisomal morphology proteins, the investigation of peroxisomal shape, distribution and dynamics has become an exciting new field in cell biology and biomedical sciences because of its relation to organelle functionality and its impact on developmental and physiological processes. In this review, we summarize recent findings on peroxisome biology, dynamics and the modulation of peroxisome morphology, especially in mammals. Furthermore, we discuss the roles of peroxisome dynamics and morphology in cell pathology and present recent examples for alterations in peroxisome morphology under disease conditions. Besides defects in the peroxisomal morphology machinery, we also address peroxisome biogenesis disorders, alterations of peroxisome number during carcinogenesis and liver cirrhosis, and morphological alterations of peroxisomes during viral infection.
过氧化物酶体是一种非常动态和多功能的细胞器，对人类的健康和发育至关重要。它们通过相应地调整其形态、数量、酶含量和代谢功能来响应细胞环境中的生理变化。随着第一个关键过氧化物酶体形态蛋白的发现，过氧化物酶体的形状、分布和动态的研究已经成为细胞生物学和生物医学科学中一个令人兴奋的新领域，因为它与细胞器的功能及其对发育和生理过程的影响有关。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过氧化物酶体生物学、动力学和过氧化物酶体形态调节的最新发现，特别是在哺乳动物中。此外，我们还讨论了过氧化物酶体动力学和形态在细胞病理学中的作用，并介绍了疾病状态下过氧化物酶体形态改变的最新实例。除了过氧化物酶体形态机制的缺陷外，我们还讨论了过氧化物酶体生物发生障碍、癌变和肝硬化过程中过氧化物酶体数量的改变以及病毒感染过程中过氧化物酶体的形态改变。
