Palmer Stephen E, Guidi Stefano
Department of Psychology, University of California, 3210 Tolman Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Perception. 2011;40(12):1428-46. doi: 10.1068/p7021.
Three experiments were carried out to investigate the internal structure of a rectangular frame to test Arnheim's (1974 Art and Visual Perception, 1988 The Power of the Center) proposals about its 'structural skeleton'. Observers made subjective ratings of how well a small probe circle fit within a rectangle at different interior positions. In experiment 1, ratings of 77 locations were highest in the center, decreased with distance from the center, greatly elevated along vertical and horizontal symmetry axes, and somewhat elevated along the local symmetry axes. A linear regression model with six symmetry-related factors accounted for 95% of the variance. In experiment 2 we measured perceived fit along local symmetry axes versus global diagonals near the corners to determine which factor was relevant. 2AFC probabilities were elevated only along the local symmetry axes and were higher when the probe was closer to the vertex. In experiment 3 we examined the effect of dividing a rectangular frame into two rectangular 'subframes' using an additional line. The results show that the primary determinant of good fit is the position of the target circle within the local subframes. In general, the results are consistent with Arnheim's proposals about the internal structure of a rectangular frame, but an alternative interpretation is offered in terms of the Gestalt concept of figural goodness.
我们进行了三项实验来研究矩形框架的内部结构，以检验阿恩海姆（1974年《艺术与视觉感知》，1988年《中心的力量》）关于其“结构骨架”的提议。观察者对一个小探测圆在矩形内不同内部位置的适配程度进行主观评分。在实验1中，77个位置的评分在中心最高，随着与中心距离的增加而降低，沿垂直和水平对称轴大幅升高，沿局部对称轴略有升高。一个包含六个与对称相关因素的线性回归模型解释了95%的方差。在实验2中，我们测量了沿角落附近局部对称轴与全局对角线的感知适配度，以确定哪个因素是相关的。二选一迫选概率仅沿局部对称轴升高，且当探测圆更靠近顶点时更高。在实验3中，我们研究了用一条额外的线将矩形框架分成两个矩形“子框架”的效果。结果表明，适配良好的主要决定因素是目标圆在局部子框架内的位置。总体而言，结果与阿恩海姆关于矩形框架内部结构的提议一致，但从格式塔图形优度概念的角度提供了另一种解释。
