Department of Psychology and Human Development, Vanderbilt University, Peabody College #512, 230 Appleton Place, Nashville, TN 37203-5701, USA.
Conscious Cogn. 2012 Jun;21(2):875-88. doi: 10.1016/j.concog.2012.02.011. Epub 2012 Apr 2.
Recent research exploring phenomena such as change blindness, inattentional blindness, attentional blink and repetition blindness has revealed a number of counterintuitive ways in which apparently salient visual stimuli often go unnoticed. In fact, large majorities of subjects sometimes predict that they would detect visual changes that actually are rarely noticed, suggesting that people have strong beliefs about visual experience that are demonstrably incorrect. However, for other kinds of visual metacognition, such as picture memory, people underpredict performance. This paper describes two experiments demonstrating that both these overpredictions of change detection, and underpredictions of visual memory can be linked with intuitions about the visual experience of different kinds of agents. Subjects predicted more visual change detection and poorer visual memory for mechanical representational systems (e.g. computer programs) when these were anthropomorphized using intentional terminology.
最近的研究探索了变化盲视、不注意盲视、注意瞬脱和重复盲视等现象，揭示了许多违反直觉的方式，即明显突出的视觉刺激经常会被忽视。事实上，大多数被试有时会预测他们会察觉到实际上很少被注意到的视觉变化，这表明人们对视觉体验有强烈的信念，但这些信念显然是错误的。然而，对于其他类型的视觉元认知，如图片记忆，人们的表现预测则过低。本文描述了两项实验，证明了对变化检测的过度预测，以及对视觉记忆的过低预测，都可以与对不同类型主体的视觉体验的直觉联系起来。当使用意向性术语对机械表示系统（例如计算机程序）进行拟人化时，被试对这些系统的视觉变化检测的预测更多，而对视觉记忆的预测则更差。
