INRA, Human Nutrition Unit-UMR, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
J Comp Physiol B. 2012 Dec;182(8):1015-45. doi: 10.1007/s00360-012-0658-7. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
Teleost fishes represent a highly diverse group consisting of more than 20,000 species living across all aquatic environments. This group has significant economical, societal and environmental impacts, yet research efforts have concentrated primarily on salmonid and cyprinid species. This review examines carbohydrate/glucose metabolism and its regulation in these model species including the role of hormones and diet. Over the past decade, molecular tools have been used to address some of the downstream components of these processes and these are incorporated to better understand the roles played by carbohydrates and their regulatory paths. Glucose metabolism remains a contentious area as many fish species are traditionally considered glucose intolerant and, therefore, one might expect that the use and storage of glucose would be considered of minor importance. However, the actual picture is not so clear since the apparent intolerance of fish to carbohydrates is not evident in herbivorous and omnivorous species and even in carnivorous species, glucose is important for specific tissues and/or for specific activities. Thus, our aim is to up-date carbohydrate metabolism in fish, placing it to the context of these new experimental tools and its relationship to dietary intake. Finally, we suggest that new research directions ultimately will lead to a better understanding of these processes.
硬骨鱼类是一个高度多样化的群体，包括生活在所有水生环境中的 2 万多种物种。该群体具有重大的经济、社会和环境影响，但研究工作主要集中在鲑鱼和鲤鱼物种上。本综述检查了这些模式物种中的碳水化合物/葡萄糖代谢及其调节，包括激素和饮食的作用。在过去的十年中，分子工具已被用于解决这些过程的一些下游成分，这些成分被纳入以更好地理解碳水化合物及其调节途径所起的作用。葡萄糖代谢仍然是一个有争议的领域，因为许多鱼类传统上被认为不能耐受葡萄糖，因此人们可能会认为葡萄糖的使用和储存不太重要。然而，实际情况并非如此清楚，因为鱼类对碳水化合物的明显不耐受在草食性和杂食性物种中并不明显，甚至在肉食性物种中，葡萄糖对特定组织和/或特定活动也很重要。因此，我们的目的是更新鱼类的碳水化合物代谢，将其置于这些新的实验工具的背景下，并将其与饮食摄入联系起来。最后，我们建议新的研究方向最终将导致对这些过程的更好理解。
