Department of Social Medicine, Researchschool Caphri, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Occup Rehabil. 2012 Dec;22(4):462-77. doi: 10.1007/s10926-012-9359-z.
In many Western countries, a vast amount of interventions exist that aim to facilitate return to work (RTW) after sickness absence. These interventions are usually focused on specific target populations such as employees with low back pain, stress-related complaints or adjustment disorders. The aim of the present study is to detect and identify characteristics of RTW interventions that generally facilitate return to work (i.e. in multiple target populations and across interventions). This type of knowledge is highly relevant to policy makers and health practitioners who want to deliver evidence based care that supports the employee's health and participation in labour.
We performed a keyword search (systematic literature review) in seven databases (period: 1994-2010). In total, 23 articles were included and assessed for their methodological quality. The characteristics of the interventions were evaluated as well.
Early interventions, initiated in the first 6 weeks of the RTW process were scarce. These were effective to support RTW though. Multidisciplinary interventions appeared effective to support RTW in multiple target groups (e.g. back pain and adjustment disorders). Time contingent interventions in which activities followed a pre-defined schedule were effective in all physical complaints studied in this review. Activating interventions such as gradual RTW were effective in physical complaints. They have not been studied for people with psychological complaints.
Early- and multidisciplinary intervention and time-contingent-, activating interventions appear most effective to support RTW.
在许多西方国家，存在大量旨在促进病假后重返工作岗位（RTW）的干预措施。这些干预措施通常针对特定的目标人群，如患有背痛、与压力相关的投诉或适应障碍的员工。本研究的目的是检测和识别一般促进重返工作岗位的 RTW 干预措施的特征（即在多个目标人群和干预措施中）。这种知识对政策制定者和卫生保健从业者非常重要，他们希望提供循证护理，支持员工的健康和参与劳动。
我们在七个数据库中进行了关键词搜索（系统文献综述）（期间：1994-2010 年）。共纳入 23 篇文章，并对其方法学质量进行了评估。还评估了干预措施的特征。
早期干预措施在 RTW 过程的前 6 周内很少进行。尽管如此，这些干预措施对支持 RTW 是有效的。多学科干预措施似乎对支持多个目标群体（如背痛和适应障碍）的 RTW 有效。时间相关的干预措施，其中活动遵循预定的时间表，在本综述研究的所有身体投诉中均有效。逐步 RTW 等激活干预措施对身体投诉有效。尚未对患有心理投诉的人进行研究。
早期和多学科干预以及时间相关、激活干预措施似乎最能有效支持 RTW。
