School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.
Hum Nat. 2012 Mar;23(1):30-44. doi: 10.1007/s12110-012-9131-2.
Fighting ability, although recognized as fundamental to intrasexual competition in many nonhuman species, has received little attention as an explanatory variable in the social sciences. Multiple lines of evidence from archaeology, criminology, anthropology, physiology, and psychology suggest that fighting ability was a crucial aspect of intrasexual competition for ancestral human males, and this has contributed to the evolution of numerous physical and psychological sex differences. Because fighting ability was relevant to many domains of interaction, male psychology should have evolved such that a man's attitudes and behavioral responses are calibrated according to his formidability. Data are reviewed showing that better fighters feel entitled to better outcomes, set lower thresholds for anger/aggression, have self-favoring political attitudes, and believe more in the utility of warfare. New data are presented showing that among Hollywood actors, those selected for their physical strength (i.e., action stars) are more likely to believe in the utility of warfare.
战斗力虽然在许多非人类物种的种内竞争中被认为是基本的，但作为社会科学中的一个解释变量，它却很少受到关注。考古学、犯罪学、人类学、生理学和心理学的多条证据表明，战斗力是祖先人类男性种内竞争的一个关键方面，这导致了许多身体和心理性别差异的进化。由于战斗力与许多互动领域都有关联，男性心理应该进化到这样一种程度，即一个人的态度和行为反应根据他的可怕程度进行调整。有数据表明，更好的战士认为自己应该得到更好的结果，对愤怒/攻击的门槛设定得更低，对政治持利己态度，更相信战争的效用。新数据显示，在好莱坞演员中，那些因身体强壮而被选中的演员（即动作明星）更相信战争的效用。
